我国农业保险保费的最优补贴率研究——基于激励与约束机制

An Analysis on Calculation and Optimization of Premium Subsidy Rate of Agricultural Insurance in China—Based on Incentive and Constraint Mechanism

农业保险是分散农业风险的一种有效手段,多国的保险实践证明没有政府支持的农业保险无法实现有效市场化。政府对农业保险的支持,特别是财政支持,也即农业保险保费补贴率,很大程度上影响着农业保险的发展,值得深入探究。本文从供求理论和价格歧视理论出发,将现代企业管理中的激励与约束机制与保费补贴率问题相结合,探究我国农业保险保费最优补贴率。研究发现,农业保险最优纯补贴率为农业保险赔付率。进一步引入资本资产定价模型对农业保险保费补贴率进行定价,利用农业保险赔付率模拟各地区系统性风险,根据不同险种不同保障水平的保费补贴率风险溢价,测算出各地区不同险种的最优农业保险保费补贴率。为了最大化农业保险的助农功效,还需要通过实行差别化补贴率、降低保险赔付率和经营管理费用率,优化农业保险保费补贴率,最终实现我国财政补贴农业保险从数量增长向质量抬升的转变。

Agricultural insurance is an effective means to control agricultural risk,and the insurance practice of various countries proves that agricultural insurance without government participation can not be effectively marketized.The degree of government participation in agricultural insurance,that is,the subsidy rate of agricultural insurance premiums is worth exploring in depth.This paper was based on the theory of supply and demand and price discrimination,and combined the incentive and restraint mechanism in modern enterprise management with the government premium subsidy rate to explore the optimal subsidy rate of agricultural insurance in China.The study found that the optimal net subsidy rate of agricultural insurance was the claims payment rate of agricultural insurance.The capital asset pricing model was further introduced to price the agricultural insurance premium subsidy rate,and the agricultural insurance loss ratio was used to simulate the systemic risk in each region.According to the premium subsidy rate and the risk premium of different insurance types and different protection levels,the optimal insurance premium subsidy rate for different types of agricultural insurance in each region was calculated.In order to maximize the effectiveness of agricultural insurance in helping farmers,it is also necessary to optimize agricultural insurance premium subsidy rates through implementing differentiated subsidy rates,lowering insurance claims payment rates,reducing operating and management expense rates,and ultimately optimizing fiscal subsidies for agricultural insurance to transform from quantitative growth to quality promotion.