网络空间安全立法的双重基础

The Dual Foundation of Cybersecurity Legislation

为保护自身的网络空间安全,各国纷纷立法,由此形成了网络空间国家化趋势。然而,这一趋势越是加深,网络空间安全秩序内含的矛盾越发凸显,这源于封闭性的国家立法在面对具有跨越性的网络空间时,立法目的难以达成,而隐藏其后的则是物理空间与网络空间的二元论对立思维。我国《网络安全法》中的网络数据和《数据安全法》中的数据的认知差异深受这一思维的广泛影响。为此,需回到网络空间本身的跨人格性、跨国家性与跨空间性等属性,反思我国现行网络安全立法。在明晰主权国家和网络空间命运共同体的辩证关系基础上,确立网络空间安全立法的双重基础,构建一套包含立法理念、基本原则与体系构成要素的安全立法基础性规范。

Various countries have hastened to enact laws to protect their cybersecurity,leading to a trend of nationalization of cyberspace.However,as this trend deepens,the contradictions inherent in the cybersecurity order become more striking.This stems from the fact that the legislative purpose of closed national legislation is difficult to achieve in the face of trans-personal,trans-national,trans-spatial cyberspace.What underlies these contradictions is the dualistic thinking of physical space vs cyberspace.The differences in the cognition of data between the Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China(2016)and the Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China(2021)are heavily influenced by this line of thinking.Therefore,we need to return to the trans-personality,trans-nationality,trans-spatiality,among others,of the cyberspace itself to reflect on the current cybersecurity legislation in China.On the basis of clarifying the dialectical relationships between sovereign states and a community of shared future in cyberspace,we should establish a dual foundation of cybersecurity legislation and construct a set of fundamental norms of cybersecurity legislation containing legislative ideas,basic principles,and legislative system components.