犯罪统计与犯罪治理的优化

Crime Statistics and Optimizing Crime Governance

完善犯罪治理体系、提升犯罪治理效能,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要方面。犯罪统计数据既是犯罪治理的成果展现,是观察测量犯罪现象的重要工具方法,又是评判犯罪治理绩效的基本依据。通过对新中国成立以来的犯罪数据进行统计分析发现,我国的犯罪现象在内部结构上正呈现“双降”与“双升”的趋势,犯罪治理的绩效相当好。在大数据时代,因应国家治理和犯罪治理的要求,犯罪统计应基于法治主义改进其统计指标体系,基于数据互联的要求改进统计组织体系,基于数据共享的原则改进其发布和应用制度。置身于国家治理体系和治理能力现代化语境中的犯罪治理,是系统作用于犯罪现象的科学之道。以循数治理为切入,优化犯罪治理的战略目标和政策立法,准确定位治理对象,合理配置治理资源,科学评价治理绩效,充分运用科技手段,显著提升治理效能,是新时代犯罪治理现代化的必由之路。将数字、数据、大数据运用于犯罪治理,可以促进犯罪学与刑事政策学、刑法学、大数据、人工智能等的深度融合,促进犯罪学、刑事政策学、刑法学由“事实学”“决策学”“规范学”共同向“犯罪治理学”转型。

Improving crime governance systems and enhancing their efficiency are important ways to advance the modernization of China's governance system and governance capacity.Statistical data on crime demonstrate the results of crime governance.They serve as an important tool to observe and quantify crime phenomena and constitute the fundamental basis forjudging the performance of crime governance.Statistical analysis of crime data since the founding of the PRC show that the internal structure of China's crime phenomena displays a trend of two periods of decline and two of growth,indicating that the country’s crime governance performs quite well.In the era of big data,in response to the requirements of national governance and crime governance,crime statistics’rule-of-law-based system of statistical indicators should be improved,as should statistical organization based on the needs of data interconnection and the system of publication and application based on the principle of data sharing.In the context of the modernization of China's governance system and governance capacity,crime governance is the scientific approach to crime phenomena.The inevitable path towards modern crime governance in the new era should start with statistics-based governance,optimize the strategic objectives and policy legislation of crime governance,locate the targets of governance accurately,allocate governance resources efficiently,evaluates governance performance rationally,and makes full use of science and technology to improve governance effectiveness and efficiency.The application to crime governance of the figures,the statistics and big data is expected to promote the in-depth integration of criminology with the study of criminal policy,criminal jurisprudence,big data,artificial intelligence,etc.,and lead to the advancement of criminology,criminal policy studies,and criminal jurisprudence,thus transforming them from “fact-based studies”“decision-making studies”and“studies of legal norms”to a new“study of criminal governance.”