城市公共住房用地选址适宜性评价模型研究——兼顾城市发展潜力与土地机会成本的分析与应用

The Evaluation Method of Site Selection for Urban Public Housing:an Analysis and Application with Considerations of Urban Development and Opportunity Cost of Land

在土地资源极度紧缺条件下,科学的城市公共住房选址评价方法对于中国城市具有突出的现实意义。在深圳市全市域74个行政街道的空间尺度下,以空间多准则决策理论为基础,构建了兼顾城市发展趋势和土地机会成本的城市公共住房用地选址适宜性评价模型。利用多源数据测度了宜居性、城市发展潜力和土地机会成本等因素影响下城市公共住房用地选址适宜性指数。发现深圳公共住房选址适宜性整体外高内低,适宜性高等级街道集聚特征明显,而适宜性低等级街道中心城区内集中分布、中心城区外分散布局。建议未来公共住房选址及建设加强基础设施、公共服务设施的同步供应,结合现状就业中心及重点产业片区选址;加快存量用地供应速度,持续拓宽公共住房筹建渠道;建立公共住房选址适宜性动态评价系统。研究进一步提升了优化城市用地和设施空间选址方法的科学性与合理性。

Under the condition of extreme shortage of land resources, the scientific evaluation method of public housing site selection has outstanding practical significance for Chinese cities. Based on the spatial scale of 74 sub-districts in Shenzhen and the theory of spatial multicriteria decision analysis, this paper proposes an evaluation model for the site selection of urban public housing with considerations of urban development trend and opportunity cost of land. This paper uses multi-source data to measure the suitability land provision index of public housing under the influence of factors such as livability, urban development and opportunity cost of land. The study found that the overall suitability of public housing site in Shenzhen is high in the outside and low in the city center. The clustering characteristics of suitability high-grade sub-districts are obvious. The low-grade sub-districts are centralized in the city central area,and scattered in the other sub-districts. The research outputs will recommend strengthening synchronicity of site selection of public housing and the construction of public facilities, and the site selection of job centers and key industries should be combined with the current situation. We will speed up the supply of available land and continue to expand the channels for the construction of government-subsidized housing, establish a dynamic evaluation system for the suitability of affordable housing. This research can improve the scientific and rationality of the method of optimizing urban land use and facility location.