“无违”:儒家孝论的实践智慧——以朱熹为中心的探究

“No Violation”:the Practical Wisdom of Confucian Filial Piety Theory

《论语》中,针对孟懿子问孝,孔子告以"无违",后又有孟武伯、子游、子夏问孝,孔子分别予以了针对性的回答。从朱熹的相关解读来看,"无违"贯穿了孔子孝论之始终,是儒家所论之"孝"得以实现的方法论基础,体现出了儒家孝论独有的实践智慧。朱熹以理、礼为"无违"的基本对象,强调明体(理)达用(礼)方能"无违"。理之"明"与礼之"达"在具体的孝行实践中主要表现为人子的"敬""爱"之情,是孝之"无违"的情感表现与实践原则。而"敬""爱"之情的调和与平衡的实质为"中和"之道,其乃"无违"的基本精神,儒家孝论亦因此呈现出了情理并重的特点,且具备了一定的现实意义。

In The Analects of Confucius,"no violation"is the core proposition of Zhu Xis practice of filial piety,which basically runs through the whole system of his filial piety theory.Zhu regards reasoning and courtesy as the object of"no violation",but both of them are internalized in the heart and recognized and applied by the heart.Therefore,Zhu especially emphasizes that both are not contrary to the heart of parents nor the heart of the son of mans love and filial piety.Thus,he takes them as an important psychological mechanism for the practice of filial piety.In this mechanism,"harmony"is not only the core value concept,but also constitutes the practical principle of paying equal attention to emotion and reasoning together with"the Mean",which is regarded as the model of Zhu Xis theory of civilization.