12月龄刺参养殖群体生长特性的研究

Growth characteristics of twelve-month-old cultured populations of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

【目的】研究养殖条件下12月龄刺参的生长特性,探寻其早期异速生长方式以及形态性状与体质量的相关关系,为刺参育种和健康养殖提供参考。【方法】模拟自然水温变化条件选育刺参苗种养殖12个月,对其体长、体宽和体质量等生长参数进行测定,同时用复合形态指标SLW(square root of the length width)和理论体长Le(estimated length)表征刺参体长生长,拟合实测体长和Le与体质量的相关关系,并进行统计学分析。【结果】在2.0~30.8℃条件下,经过12个月的养殖,刺参体质量为0.03~85.35 g/头,平均体质量为(9.8±9.4)g/头,变异系数高达96.1%。刺参体质量频数分布曲线呈现单峰状,右偏,为不对称分布。其中以大规格和中规格刺参个体占优势,尤以中规格个体最多,有78.8%的苗种体质量在1~17 g;其次是体质量在17~50 g的大规格个体,占比为15.4%,有0.6%的个体可生长并达到体质量70 g以上的商品参规格,表现出明显的生长优势;刺参体长与体质量的关系符合幂函数方程,相较于实测体长L,理论体长Le与体质量的拟合度更好,12月龄刺参的生长为负异速生长模式,体长生长优势明显快于体质量。【结论】在12月龄刺参苗种阶段,刺参形态性状表现出优于体质量的生长趋势。在刺参苗种培育和养殖过程中,应为其生长发育创造适宜的生活环境及营养条件,以达到最佳的养殖效果。

【Objective】Growth characteristics,early allosteric growth patterns and correlation between morphological characters and body weight of 12-month old Apostichopus japonicus were investigated to provide reference for cultivation and healthy breeding of sea cucumber.【Method】Body length,body width and total weight of sea cucumber in hatchery were measured under natural water temperature.A compound index that the length and width were combined to produce the SLW index(square root of length multiplied width)and its associated transformation like Le(estimated length)were evaluated the growth of sea cucumber.Growth parameters and correlations between morphological characters and body weight were assessed.【Result】The weight of sea cucumber cultured for 12 months was 0.03-85.35 g under water temperature of 2.0-30.8℃.The average weight of cultured populations of sea cucumber was(9.8±9.4)g with variable coefficient of 96.1%.The weight frequency distributions of sea cucumber showed single kurtosis,right avertence and asymmetrically distribution.Large-size and medium-size individuals had high proportions with 78.8%individuals in medium-size range of 1-17 g,followed by 15.4%individuals in large-size range of 17-50 g.About 0.6%individuals had high growth performance and reached commercial grade of larger than 70 g.Power model was appropriate to evaluate morphometric relationship between body length/body weight.Estimated theoretical length(Le)was better in fitting than body length.Twelve-month-old Apostichopus japonicus were in the mode of negative allometric growth with faster growth in body length than in body weight.【Conclusion】Sea cucumber at the age of 12 months showed better growth in morphological characters than in body weight.In the process of seedling cultivation and breeding,it is necessary to provide suitable living environment and nutrition conditions for best breeding outcome.