不同贮藏年限沙葱种子萌发及呼吸生理的变化

Changes of germination and respiration physiology of Allium mongolicum seeds under different storage times

【目的】探讨沙葱(Allium mongolicum Regel.)种子萌发和呼吸生理特性在不同贮藏时间的变化情况,为沙葱种质资源保存和田间生产提供参考。【方法】以贮藏1~10年的沙葱种子为材料,研究其萌发指标(发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数)、种子呼吸速率及呼吸关键酶(细胞色素C氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶)活性在贮藏过程中的变化。【结果】(1)贮藏1~3年沙葱种子发芽率和发芽势呈升高趋势,种子发芽率差异不显著;贮藏4~10年种子发芽率和发芽势逐渐降低;而发芽指数和活力指数在贮藏1~2年内呈升高趋势,之后持续降低。(2)沙葱种子呼吸速率、细胞色素C氧化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性随着贮藏时间延长呈先升高后下降趋势,且在贮藏3年时达到最高;异柠檬酸脱氢酶活性随着贮藏时间的延长呈降低趋势,贮藏5年时酶活性急剧下降;而苹果酸脱氢酶活性在贮藏1~5年内逐渐升高,于贮藏5年时达到最高,显著高于其他年限,之后逐渐降低。【结论】沙葱种子老化过程中,呼吸速率变弱,呼吸关键酶活性整体降低,表现为种子萌发能力下降,在实际生产中,建议选择贮藏3年内的种子。

【Objective】This study investigated the changes of seed germination and respiration physiological characteristics of Allium mongolicum after different storage times to provide reference for germplasm conservation and field production of A.mongolicum.【Method】A.mongolicum seeds after 1-10 years storage were selected to study the changes of germination indexes(germination potential,germination rate,germination index and activity index),seed respiration rate,and activities of key respiratory enzymes(cytochrome C oxidase,acid phosphatase,isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase).【Result】(1)The germination rate and germination potential of A.mongolicum seeds increased after storage for 1 to 3 years,but there was no significant difference in germination rate.The germination rate and germination potential of seeds decreased gradually after 4 to 10 years of storage.The germination index and vigor index increased during storage for 1 to 2 years,and then decreased continuously.(2)Respiration rate,cytochrome C oxidase and acid phosphatase activities increased first and then decreased with the increase of storage time,and reached peaks at 3 years.The activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase decreased with the increase of storage time,and decreased sharply at 5 years.The activity of malate dehydrogenase increased gradually during 1 to 5 years of storage,and reached the highest in 5 years,which was significantly higher than other years,and then decreased gradually.【Conclusion】In the aging process,acid phosphatase activity,respiration rate and key enzyme activity decreased,resulting in decrease of seed germination ability.The storage of 3 years is suggested based on this study.