农村散养土鸡机体组织和鸡蛋中类胡萝卜素成分研究

Studies on the components of carotenoid in the tissues and eggs of rural free-range chickens

为研究农村散养土鸡机体组织和鸡蛋中类胡萝卜素成分,试验选取100只农村散养土鸡,同时收集100枚土鸡蛋,通过比色法及高效液相色谱法测定土鸡机体组织和土鸡蛋蛋黄的色度及类胡萝卜素含量。试验结果表明:(1)土鸡蛋蛋黄色度8~14度;蛋黄中类胡萝卜素含量丰富,总叶黄素28.83~106.94 mg/kg,主要以黄体素和玉米黄质为主,同时也含有斑蝥黄、β-胡萝卜素、虾青素和辣椒红素等;(2)土鸡脚蹼色度1~6度,总叶黄素6.78~43.88 mg/kg,主要是黄体素、玉米黄质和斑蝥黄等;(3)土鸡脚胫色度2~8度,总叶黄素14.59~58.22 mg/kg,主要是黄体素、玉米黄质、斑蝥黄和辣椒红素等;(4)土鸡皮肤色度1~6度,总叶黄素4.68~5.29 mg/kg,主要是黄体素、玉米黄质、斑蝥黄和辣椒红素等;(5)土鸡脂肪色度4~12度,总叶黄素4.55~7.38 mg/kg,主要是黄体素、玉米黄质、斑蝥黄、β-阿朴酯和辣椒红素等。结果说明,色泽越深的组织样品,其类胡萝卜素含量越丰富;同时也得出公鸡机体各部分色泽均比母鸡深,说明公鸡着色能力比母鸡强。

The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of carotenoid in the tissues and eggs of rural free-range chickens.In this experiment,100 free-range chickens were selected to collect 100 eggs at the same time,the chromaticity and carotenoid content of native chicken tissue and egg yolk were determined by colorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography.The results showed that:(1)The yolk of the eggs were 8~14 degrees measured by wisdem color fan.The yolks were rich in carotenoids,and the total xanthophyll content was 28.83~106.94 mg/kg,mainly of which were lutein and zeaxanthin,but also contains canthaxanthin,β-carotene,astaxanthin and capsanthin.(2)The chromaticity of the fins of the native chicken was 1~6 degrees,and the total xanthophyll was 6.78~43.88 mg/kg,mainly of which were lutein,zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin.(3)The chromaticity of the chicken leg shin was 2~8 degrees,and the total xanthophyll was 14.59~58.22 mg/kg,mainly of which were lutein,zeaxanthin,canthaxanthin and capsanthin.(4)The color of chicken skin was 1~6 degrees and the total xanthophyll content was 4.68~5.29 mg/kg,mainly of which were lutein,zeaxanthin,canthaxanthin and capsanthin.(5)The color of chicken fat was 4~12 degrees and the total xanthophyll content was 4.55~7.38 mg/kg,mainly of which were lutein,zeaxanthin,canthaxanthin,apoester and capsanthin.The results indicated that the deeper color of the tissue sample,the richer the content of carotenoid,and it was also concluded that the color of every part of the rooster body was darker than that of the hen,which indicated that the coloring ability of the rooster was stronger than that of the hen.