天然气下游公司价值链提升面临的问题、挑战及对策

Challenges and countermeasures to promote the value chain of natural-gas downstream companies

随着2019年12月国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司(以下简称“国家管网公司”)挂牌成立及2020年3月新版《中央定价目录》颁布,天然气产业链“X+1+X”局面初步形成,门站价格制度取消也成为发展趋势。在此大背景下,天然气产业链下游公司(主要指“销售公司”)天然气价值链提升面临以下问题:①进口气价格居高不下;②管输、调峰等环节改革方案还需进一步深化和明确;③门站价格取消前后价值链提升都存在困难;④各省市高低端市场价值链发展都存在明显“瓶颈”;⑤冬季供暖季期间气源、管输、储气能力都相对有限等。基于研究结论,建议天然气下游公司采取以下措施:①积极研判市场形势,全面统筹国内、国外“两种资源,两个市场”;②加强对进口气合同研究,争取通过进口长贸合同复议、灵活签订新的进口贸易合同、顺价销售等方式降低天然气进口价格;③提前落实资源、储气等问题,避免出现产业链明显短板;④对接长输管道和“最后一公里”建设进度,不断优化管输路径;⑤细化各省市的市场类型,弥补短板促进天然气市场高质量发展;⑥深入研究产业链各环节价格改革方案,逐步引导全社会科学合理用气。

After National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Network Group Company Limited founded in December 2019 and new edition of Central Pricing Catalogue issued in March 2020,one"X+1+X"pattern is emerging in natural-gas industrial chain,and to abolish gas-price system becomes a development trend.Just under the background,most downstream companies in the industrial chain(mainly sales companies)face many challenges,including the gas-import price still remaining at the high level,the pipeline-transportation reform and peak shaving needing deepening and reconfirming,the hard promoting of value chain before and after the gate-price abolition,the value-chain development of high-and lowend markets in different provinces and cities all suffering obvious"bottleneck",as well as the gas source,pipeline transportation,and gas-storage capacity being affected by winter under heating.So,some countermeasures have been made for the downstream companies,such as,to actively analyze and judge market situation and plan domestic and foreign resources and markets as a whole,to restudy gas-import contract and strive to reduce gas-import price by reconsidering long-term import contract,signing new contract flexibly or performing sales at a profitable price,to ensure resources and gas storage in advance to avoid obvious short board occurring in the industrial chain,to connect long-distance pipeline with construction scheduling of"last one kilometer"to optimize pipeline-transportation path continuously,to subdivide market in different provinces and cities and make up for the short board to promote high-quality development,and to further study the price reform of each chain link and guide scientific and reasonable gas consumption gradually in the whole society.