自由舔食补饲小苏打在高产奶牛疾病预防中的应用研究

Application of Free Licking and Supplementing Baking Soda in Disease Prevention of High Yield Dairy Cows

[目的]饲喂碳酸氢钠能够参与反刍动物瘤胃酸碱调节并发挥重要的酸碱平衡作用。试验通过对比高产、中产、低产3个不同群体荷斯坦奶牛每头每日补饲不同剂量小苏打后,观察其对奶牛个体平均泌乳天数和日单产的影响,探究小苏打的最佳补饲量与补饲方法,为我国现阶段高产奶牛的饲管提供有价值的借鉴。[方法]对本场挤奶大厅1 000头泌乳牛连续16个月不间断全群补饲小苏打,以奶牛恶性舔土现象出现的次数以及临床热应激疾病发病数量作为瘤胃酸碱平衡的量化指标,分析各试验组的小苏打补饲量。[结果]高产群、中产群、低产群每头荷斯坦奶牛每日通过自由舔食分别平均获得61 g, 70 g, 80 g的小苏打,加上精饲料中分别提供的174 g, 156 g, 120 g,高产群、中产群、低产群每头每日实际需要量为235 g, 226 g, 200 g。[结论]通过高产奶牛自由舔食补饲小苏打的研究,确认自由舔舐是一种安全有效的小苏打补充方法。添加适合剂量的小苏打能够预防高产奶牛代谢性疾病的发生,有效减少奶牛恶性舔土现象,从而提高奶牛的生产和繁殖性能。

[Objective] Sodium bicarbonate plays an important buffering role in regulating the acid-base balance in rumen of ruminants. By comparing the changes of average lactation days and daily yield per unit area in high-yield group, middle-yield group and low-yield group, the optimal supplemental amount of bicarbonate was investigated. [Methods] 1 000 lactating cows in milking hall of our farm were supplemented with baking soda continuously for 16 months, and the frequency of licking dirt was observed, and the optimal supplemental amount of each experimental group was analyzed. [Results] Each head of high-yielding group, middle-yielding group and low-yielding group should be supplemented with 61 g, 70 g and 80 g soda, respectively. With the 174 g, 156 g and 120 g soda from concentrate feed, the actual daily requirements of each head of high-yielding group, middle-yielding group and low-yielding group were 235 g, 226 g and 200 g, respectively. [Conclusion] Free licking and supplementing bicarbonate of soda could effectively reduce the occurrence of malignant soil licking and metabolic disease in high-yield dairy cows, so as to improve the production and reproductive performance of dairy cows.