在灌水定额下设施黄瓜肥水高效耦合技术研究

High efficiency coupling technology of fertilizer and water for cucumber under irrigation quota

以设施黄瓜常规滴灌水量为定额,设置5种不同的滴施肥量[T1(CK)、T2、T3、T4和T5],建立5种水肥耦合模式,滴施肥量从T1向T5呈5种不同梯度,以寻求肥水耦合抛物线的最佳拐点,确定适合当地设施黄瓜最优肥水耦合的技术参数。结果表明,设施黄瓜株高、单瓜重、瓜条长度,单株产量、单株结果数等植株生长势和产量因子、维生素C、可溶性糖、全氮、全磷、全钾、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐等品质特性以及水分生产效率和施肥农学效率均在定额滴灌下,两个不同品种5个处理高效滴施肥耦合规律趋于一致,总体趋势为T3>T4>T2>T5>T1,T3处理表现最优,T1表现最弱,随着各处理滴肥量增加,各生长因子、品质因子和效益评价因子均在T3处理出现抛物线峰值拐点,说明设施黄瓜在定额滴灌条件下,采取优化滴施肥耦合技术,可以产生最优的生长势、产量、品质和效益。

In order to find the best inflection point of fertilizer water coupling parabola and determine the best technical parameters of fertilizer water coupling for local facilities cucumber,5 different drip fertilization modes were set up with conventional drip irrigation amount as quota,including T1(CK),T2,T3,T4 and T5.The results showed that the plant growth and yield factors,such as plant height,single melon weight,strip length,single plant yield and number of fruit per plant,the quality characteristics of vitamin C,soluble sugar,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,nitrate,nitrite,water production efficiency and fertilization agronomic efficiency were all lower than those of the fixed drip irrigation treatment,and two different varieties and five treatments were applied with high efficiency and the coupling law of fertilizer tended to be the same,and the general trend was T3>T4>T2>T5>T1(CK).T3 showed the best performance,while T1(CK)showed the weakest performance.With the increase of the amount of drip fertilizer,the growth factor,quality factor and benefit evaluation factor all appeared the parabola peak inflection point in T3,which indicated that the optimal growth potential,yield,quality and benefit could be produced by adopting the coupling technology of drip fertilization under the condition of constant drip irrigation.