海藻提取物与养分配施对葡萄果实品质及养分吸收的影响

Effect of seaweed extract combined with nutrients on the quality and nutrient absorption of grape fruit

研究海藻提取与养分配施对葡萄果实品质和养分吸收的影响,以“阳光玫瑰”葡萄为试验材料,设置5个处理:NPK水溶肥(CK)、0.375%海藻提取物与NPK水溶肥配施(T1)、0.75%海藻提取物与NPK水溶肥配施(T2)、1.5%海藻提取物与NPK水溶肥配施(T3)和3%海藻提取物与NPK水溶肥配施(T4)。结果表明,海藻提取物与NPK水溶肥配施能增加葡萄单穗重、产量和SPAD值,T1、T2和T3处理果实可溶性糖和糖酸比含量分别较CK提高77.98%、17.51%、1.42%和69.45%、35.65%、11.45%,T4处理降低果实可溶性糖和糖酸比含量。T2处理果实磷含量和叶片钾含量最高,较CK分别显著提高26.97%和47.87%。此外,海藻提取物与NPK水溶肥配施均增加果实香气化合物种类,其中,T2处理果实香气化合物种类数最高。主成分分析中,T2处理的葡萄果实产量、品质、养分吸收和果实香气物质影响中得分最高。综合分析,海藻提取物与养分一定比例配施能够提高葡萄产量、改善品质、促进养分吸收以及增加果实香气物质种类和相对含量,其中,0.75%海藻提取物与NPK水溶肥配施处理效果更佳。

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different proportion of seaweed extraction and nutrient distribution ratio on the quality and nutrient absorption of“Shine Muscat”grape.Five treatments were set up for the test:NPK water soluble fertilizer(CK),0.375%seaweed extract and NPK water soluble fertilizer(T1),0.75%seaweed extract and NPK water soluble fertilizer(T2),1.5%seaweed extract and NPK water soluble fertilizer(T3)and 3%seaweed extract and NPK water soluble fertilizer(T4).The results indicated that the yield,ear weight and SPAD values of grape showed an upward trend under application of seaweed extract and NPK water-soluble fertilizer,and under T2 which were the highest and increased significantly by 40.43%,80.53%and 21.48%compared with the control(CK)respectively.At the same time,compared to CK,the contents of soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio of the fruit in T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased by 77.98%,17.51%,1.42%and 69.45%,35.65%,11.45%,respectively,while T4 treatment showed opposite trend.Under the treatment of T2,leaves potassium and fruit phosphorus of contents reached to the highest,which were 26.97%and 47.87%higher than CK,respectively.The number additionly,the number of fruit aroma substances was increased under application of seaweed extract and NPK water-soluble fertilizer,and under T2 which was the highest.In the principal component analysis,comprehensive score under T2 was the highest.Comprehensive analysis showed that the combination of seaweed extract and nutrients could increase the yield,improve quality,promote nutrient absorption,and increase the variety and relative content of aroma substances for grape,among which 0.75%seaweed extract and NPK water soluble fertilizer had better effect.