肥料着色材料使用安全风险及控制研究

Study on the safety risk and management for fertilizer coloring materials

尽管着色材料为肥料非必需添加成分,但非约束性添加存在一定的安全风险,而科学地进行风险控制,可从源头降低其对生态环境和食品安全所带来的影响。当前肥料生产中使用的着色材料主要涉及颜料、染料和食品着色剂,不同类型的着色产品安全性不一,如染料过量投入到土壤中可能会发生吸附、降解或生物富集等现象。结合国内外着色材料的管理和技术法规现状,研究提出肥料着色材料的安全风险控制措施。建议将着色材料划分为“零级风险”“控制风险”“高级风险”3个等级,并建立着色材料产品质量及其生物学特性和土壤环境风险评价体系,以引导肥料生产者优先选用安全的着色材料,从而实现肥料绿色生产。

Although coloring materials are not essential ingredients for fertilizers,non-binding addition has certain safety risks.Scientific risk management for coloring materials could reduce the impact on the ecological environment and food safety at source.The coloring materials currently used in fertilizer production mainly involve the pigments,dyes and food colorants.Different types of coloring products have different safety levels.For example,excessive dye input into the soil may cause adsorption,degradation or bioaccumlation.Combined with the management and technical regulations of coloring materials at home and abroad,the safety risk control measures of fertilizer coloring materials are proposed in the study.It is suggested that coloring materials should be divided into three levels of“zero risk”,“controllable risk”and“high risk”,and that risk assessment system of product quality,biological characteristics and soil environmental should be established,so as to guide fertilizer producers to preferentially choose safe coloring materials and realize green production of fertilizer.