体育旅游研究的历史流变及其具身体验转向

The Historical Evolution of Sport Tourism Research and the Turn of Embodied Experience

作为一种独特的异地休闲体验,体育旅游在整个旅游研究领域是比较新兴的话题和知识领域。从多维视角对体育旅游研究的历史进行回顾,发现:体育旅游的基本属性根植于人类进化史中的玩耍、游戏、竞赛、娱乐等休闲形式,这也是体育旅游研究应特别注意的核心问题。以往相关研究多从体育旅游外部效应的角度(如经济、管理、社会和文化等)展开,但随着体育旅游研究的逐步深化,人们更加注重从发生学意义上探讨体育旅游的内在本质问题,关注体育旅游者的主体性地位以及体验活动的整体过程,并借助凝视、本真性、表演、具身等理论视角,对体育旅游中发生的典型身心在场问题进行阐释,显示出体育旅游研究在本体论层面的具身体验转向。这种转向确立了"体育旅游是身心一体的具身体验"这一根本性命题,也由此开启对体育旅游者运动觉和本体觉的身心体验研究。

As a unique leisure experience in some tourist areas,sport tourism is still a relatively new topic in the whole field of tourism research.The concept definition and type division of sport tourism is reviewed from multidimensional perspectives.It can be seen that the basic attributes of sport tourism are rooted in the history of human evolution,such as play,game,competition,entertainment and other forms of leisure,which is also a core issue in sport tourism research.Researchers in previous studies mostly started with such external effects as economy,management,society and culture.But with the gradually deepening of sport tourism research,scholars pay more attention to the intrinsic nature of the issues like the subjectivity of sport tourist experience and process of the activity.By the theories of tourist gaze,tourism authenticity,performance,etc.,a turn to embodied theory is illustrated in the sense of ontology,which has established a fundamental proposition"sport tourism is an embodied experience of body and mind",paving a way of the physical and mental experience research of sport tourists'movement perception and ontological perception.