我国竞技体育运动队的群体行为特征

Team Collective Behavior Characteristics of Chinese Competitive Sports Teams

运用参与式观察法、访谈法等方法,在2017年3月—2020年3月跟踪观察国家自由式滑雪空中技巧队、国家女子板球队、辽宁省男子篮球队、辽宁省女子篮球队、辽宁省拳击队、辽宁省单板滑雪队、沈阳市拳击队、沈阳市柔道队、沈阳市曲棍球队9支队伍,访谈领队、教练员、运动员22人,研究我国竞技体育运动队的群体行为特征。发现:我国竞技体育运动队在群体行为上与其他任务型团队一样具有个体群集与本能发泄、个体传染与群体倾向、个体特征与群体暗示的一般性群体行为特征,同时也具有动态性、冲突性、情感单项极化与群体道德倾向4个方面的特殊性群体行为特征。进而探究影响我国竞技体育运动队群体行为过程的民族文化、时间因素、政治制度、教育因素等理性要素,并提出干预策略。

With the methods of participatory observation,interview,etc.,9 Chinese outstanding sports teams,including Chinese Freestyle Skiing Aerials Team,National Women Cricket Team,Liaoning Men's Basketball Team,Liaoning Women's Basketball Team,Liaoning Boxing Team,Liaoning Snowboarding Team,Shenyang Boxing Team,Shenyang Judo Team,Shenyang Hockey Team,were investigated from March 2017 to March 2020 to study their team collective characteristics.22 team leaders,coaches,and athletes were interviewed as well.It was found that Chinese competitive sports teams,like other task-based teams,had the general team collective behavior characteristics,characterized by individual clustering and instinctive venting,individual infection and collective tendency,individual characteristics and collective aspiration.At the same time,it also possessed the characteristics of specific team behaviors in four aspects:dynamic,conflicts,single-emotion polarization,and team morals tendency.Also,the rational elements of national culture,time factors,political systems,educational factors and intervention strategies were explored which influenced the team collective behavior process for Chinese competitive sports teams.