北罗霄国家森林公园帐篷营地空间适宜性评价

The Suitability Analysis of Tent Camping Sites in the North Luoxiao National Forest Park Based on GIS

露营旅游是在我国自然保护地内开展生态旅游的一种重要的方式,其科学合理的选址是露营旅游健康发展和自然保护地资源可持续利用的重要前提条件。本文以湖南北罗霄国家森林公园为研究对象,以帐篷营地的空间适宜性为研究内容,采用层次分析(AHP)与专家评分相结合的方法确定指标权重,利用遥感影像和现场调研数据为支撑,运用ArcGIS10.2软件空间分析功能,从自然环境、景观条件、安全条件和基础设施4个项目层以及15个指标层构建山岳型景区帐篷营地适宜性分析的评价体系。结果表明,北罗霄森林公园内具有极高、较高帐篷营地适宜性的区域仅占公园面积的9.61%,基础设施完备、安全条件较好,景观条件优越;具有一般适宜性区域占公园面积的61.92%,自然环境条件和基础设施差,安全条件和景观条件较好;具有较低适宜性区域占公园面积的28.42%,基本分布在沿河流和道路,安全条件和基础设施较差;具有极低适宜性区域分布极少,占公园面积的0.05%,自然环境和安全条件差,山洪威胁度高,基础设施一般。本文提出的方法实现了对山岳型景区帐篷营地空间适宜性进行快速定量的评价,有助于研究区的森林风景资源的严格保护和科学合理的利用。这种方法快捷、准确,具有较强的可操作性和推广价值,也可应用于其他山岳型自然保护地内的帐篷营地项目选址和用地评估。

Camping is an important way to develop ecotourism in China’s nature reserve.The scientific and reasonable site selection for camping is an important prerequisite for the healthy development of camping and the sustainable utilization of natural resources.Taking the North Luoxiao National Forest Park of Hunan province as the research object,the spatial suitability of the tent camp site as the research content,the evaluation index system was constructed from 4 project levels including natural environment,landscape conditions,security conditions and infrastructure and 15 index levels.Delphi and AHP methods were used to determine index weights.The spatial distribution map of tent camping environmental suitability in the North Luoxiao National Forest Park was drawn using the ArcGIS10.2 spatial information processing technology based on the sensing images and survey data on site.The results showed that the areas with very high and high suitability for tent camping only accounted for only 9.61%of the park area which have complete infrastructure,good safety conditions and superior landscape conditions.The areas with general suitability accounted for 61.92%,which have poor natural environmental conditions and infrastructure,good safety conditions and landscape conditions.The areas with low suitability accounted for 28.42%,which have poor safety conditions,poor safety conditions,and infrastructure.and are mainly The extremely low-suitability areas are rarely distributed,accounting for 0.05%,which have poor natural environment,safety conditions,high threat of mountain torrents,general infrastructure.The method we conducted in our paper can quickly and quantitatively evaluate the space suitability of tent camping in mountain scenic area,which is helpful to the strict protection and scientific and reasonable utilization of forest landscape resources in the study area.The method is quick and accurate and has strong operability and promotion value,and can also be applied to the site selection and land evaluation of tent camping projects in other mountain natural reserve.