先秦“象”观念与中国诗歌审美意象论

Pre-Qin Concepts of “Image” and Aesthetic Imagismin Chinese Poetry

中国文化和中国人的思维具有重视象征性联想的特点,可称之为"尚象"思想或象征思维。这个特点,与《周易》"经""传"所创立的"观物取象""设卦观象"、老子的"大象无形"、庄子的"象罔"等观念有直接联系。通过对《易传》等先秦典籍中"象"观念的疏理、分析,将其与后世的诗论、文论中的相关理论作比较,揭示出先秦"象"观念对诗歌"直寻之象"的直接影响,并由此讨论"意象论"在诗学批评中的重要地位,对理解中国古代诗歌审美意象论有较大的启示意义。在此基础上,可以合理地阐释诗人孜孜追求"象外之象"的诗学审美之境的原因。

Chinese culture and Chinese way of thinking share the characteristic of imagistic correlation, which may be termed as "image-oriented thinking" or "imagistic thinking". This characteristic is related to many concepts concerning images such as "regarding objects for images"and "watching for image through divination" in The Book of Changes, "no shape in the grand image" in Laozi, and "intangibility of images"by Zhuangzi. A delineation and analytical examination of the concepts concerning image in the pre-Qin literature may illuminate our understanding of how the concepts of image influenced the direct representation of images in the poetry, and the prioritization of imagism in poetics and poetic criticism in Chinese aesthetics.The above discussion may lead to further investigation of the important role of "imagery beyond images" in poetic criticism.