环雷州半岛海域表层沉积物与鲬鱼汞污染研究

Mercury pollution of the surface sediments and Platycephalus indicus in waters around Leizhou Peninsula,China

对2018年1月在广东环雷州半岛近海海域采集的海底表层沉积物、鲬鱼(Platycephalus indicus)进行汞含量的测定,分析比较了鲬鱼不同部位汞含量的差异,并采用单因子污染指数法对沉积物和鲬鱼的汞污染状况进行了风险评价。结果表明,环雷州半岛海域表层沉积物中汞含量范围为0.005×10^(-6)~0.359×10^(-6),平均值为0.081×10^(-6),雷州半岛东部海域表层沉积物汞含量高于南部和西部海域。鲬鱼的鳃中汞含量范围为0.032×10^(-6)~0.034×10^(-6),平均值为0.033×10^(-6);肌肉中的汞含量范围为0.065×10^(-6)~0.080×10^(-6),平均值为0.073×10^(-6);肝脏中的汞含量范围为0.228×10^(-6)~0.270×10^(-6),平均值为0.249×10^(-6)。鲬鱼样品的汞含量都呈现出肝脏>肌肉>鳃。单因子污染指数评价结果显示,雷州半岛海域鲬鱼受到汞的轻微污染,雷州半岛东部海域表层沉积物存在汞污染生态风险,而其南部、西部海域尚未受到汞污染的威胁。

The mercury contents in 20 surface sediments and 2 flathead fish(Platycephalus indicus)samples collected from the offshore waters around Leizhou Peninsula were analyzed and compared.The results showed that mercury contents of different sediments ranged from 0.005×10^(-6)to 0.359×10^(-6)with an average of 0.081×10^(-6).As a whole,the mercury contents in the sediments from the eastern offshore waters of Leizhou Peninsula were higher than those of southern and western offshore waters.Mercury contents in three fish organs,gill,muscle and liver,were in range of 0.032×10^(-6)-0.034×10^(-6),0.065×10^(-6)-0.080×10^(-6)and 0.228×10^(-6)-0.270×10^(-6),respectively,and the mercury contents were in order of liver>muscle>gill.The results of Pi index assessment indicated that the fish was polluted by mercury slightly.Moreover there is an ecological risk of mercury pollution in the eastern offshore waters of Leizhou Peninsula,while the southern and western waters were not threatened by mercury pollution.