太阳能空调与热泵技术进展及应用

Progresses and applications of solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies

当前日益增长的建筑能耗需求与"双碳"目标背道而驰,通过新型节能技术降低建筑能耗势在必行。太阳能空调与热泵技术,可细分为光热与光伏驱动的供热制冷技术,是将太阳能与建筑供能相结合,实现太阳能规模化应用的潜在发展途径。对目前太阳能供热制冷主要技术路线进行总结,主要有热驱动的吸收式制冷/热泵循环、吸附式制冷、除湿空调,电驱动的光伏空调、直膨式热泵、光伏/光热一体化(PVT)热泵等,并对相关技术的研究进展做简要介绍。太阳能空调与热泵技术近年来在能效提升、驱动温区扩展与环境适应性增强等方面取得进展,未来可进一步结合建筑用能需求提高系统供能多样性,利用太阳能推动建筑用能的绿色化转型。

The increasing energy consumption by buildings runs counter to the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking.Consequently,it is imperative to reduce building energy consumption through new energy-saving technologies. Solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies integrating solar power and energy supply for buildings provide a potential development path to large-scale application of solar energy.They can be subdivided into heating and cooling technologies driven by solar energy or photovoltaic power.The main technical routs of solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies are enumerated,including thermally driven absorption cooling/heating pumps,adsorption cooling,desiccant air conditioning,air conditioners driven by electricity and PV power,direct expansion heat pumps and photovoltaic/thermal(PVT)heat pumps.The progresses of the related technologies are also briefly introduced.The solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies have made progress in improving energy efficiency,broadening the driven temperature range and enhancing environmental adaptability.Considering the energy demand of buildings,the technologies can advance the energy supply diversity and promote the green transformation of building energy.