鼻窒考析

Analysis of chronic rhinitis

现代教材与古医籍中的"鼻窒"所指的疾病不完全相同,整理古今文献,分析鼻窒的病名、病因病机、治疗方法的变化。鼻窒在古代是指各种原因导致的鼻塞的症状,可能是现代医学的急性鼻炎、慢性鼻炎、鼻息肉等;而慢性鼻炎在古代可能记载为"鼻窒""鼻齆""齆鼻""鼻塞不闻香臭"。中华人民共和国成立后,教材中将鼻窒与慢性鼻炎相对应。古代记载病因病机为肺寒、肺热、脾虚,现代新增从"瘀"而论。古代记载方剂为杏仁煎、温卫汤、丽泽通气汤、温肺汤、参苏饮、羌活汤、凉膈散、黄连清肺饮、补中益气汤。现代方剂常用黄芩汤、温肺止流丹、补中益气汤、玉屏风散、通窍活血汤。古代外治法包括针灸疗法、塞鼻法、滴鼻法、吹鼻法,近现代用以滴鼻法为多,文献报道以针灸疗法居多,电针、穴位注射、雾化吸入、鼻腔冲洗、下鼻甲注射等方法也被广泛应用。

The modern teaching material is not exactly the same as the disease referred to in the ancient medical books,so as to sort out the ancient and modern literature and analyze the changes of the chronic rhinitis name,etiology,pathogenesis and treatment methods.Chronic rhinitis in ancient times refers to the symptoms of nasal congestion caused by various causes,which may be acute rhinitis,chronic rhinitis,nasal polyps and so on inmodern medicine,while chronic rhinitis in ancient times may be recorded as“Bi Zhi”(鼻窒),“Bi Weng”(鼻齆),“Weng Bi”(齆鼻),“Blocked nose cause no smell”.The“Bi Zhi”and chronic rhinitis has correspond in modern times.The etiology and pathogenesis of ancient records were lung cold,lung heat and spleen deficiency,modern medicineadds“from stasis”discussion.Ancient records of the prescription for the Xingren decoction(杏仁煎),the Wenwei decoction(温卫汤),the Lize Tongqi decoction(丽泽通气汤),the Wenfei decoction(温肺汤),the Shensu decoction(参苏饮),the Qianghuo decoction(羌活汤),the Liangge powder(凉膈散),the Huanglian Qingfei decoction(黄连清肺饮),the Buzhong Yiqi decoction(补中益气汤).The modern prescription commonly used the Huangqin decoction(黄芩汤),Wenfei Zhiliu Dan(温肺止流丹),the Buzhong Yiqi decoction,Yupingfeng San(玉屏风散),the Tongqiao Huoxue decoction(通窍活血汤).The methods of external treatment in ancient times include acupuncture and nasal plugging therapy,nose-insufflating therapy and nose-insufflating therapy.In modern times,there are many methods used to drop nose,the literature reports that acupuncture therapy is the main method,such as electroacupuncture,acupoint injection,atomization inhalation,nasal irrigation,inferior turbinate injection are also widely used.