交通基础设施升级与污染型企业选址

Upgrade of Transportation Infrastructure and Location Selection of Polluting Enterprises

基于扩展的中心—外围理论模型的分析,本文以中国城市高铁开通作为准自然实验,实证研究交通基础设施升级对污染型企业选址的影响。结果表明,虽然高铁开通对污染型企业选址在整体上有负向影响,但该影响具有三个方面的异质性:(1)私营及其他性质的污染型企业新增数目明显下降,而外资和国有企业却不明显;(2)高铁开通对东部、大城市和发达城市污染型企业进入的抑制效应非常显著,而中西部、中小城市和欠发达城市反而因高铁开通吸引了更多的污染型企业;(3)环保意识较强的城市在开通高铁后,污染型企业的进驻情况明显下降。本文还发现,交通基础设施升级影响污染型企业选址的作用机制可总结为环境清洁效应、要素集聚和空间一体化:(1)高铁开通提升了城市对环境质量的要求,降低了对污染型企业的接纳意愿;(2)城市因高铁开通提高了交通便利性,促进了要素的流动,使得污染型企业的选址不再局限于东部发达地区;(3)在发达地区,高铁开通给城市带来空间一体化的同时也会因为过度集聚导致要素价格上涨,企业间竞争加剧,不利于企业进入。政府有关部门和市场主体应充分认识和重视交通基础设施对企业选址的影响及其作用机制,这对中国区域发展规划、地方营商环境和投资规划以及环境保护等相关政策的制定都具有重要意义。

Based on the expanded center-periphery theoretical model,this article uses the opening of highspeed rail as a quasi-natural experiment to empirically study the impact of transportation infrastructure upgrades on the location selection of polluting enterprises in cities of China.The results show that although the opening of the high-speed rail has a negative impact on the location selection of polluting enterprises as a whole,this impact is heterogeneous in three aspects:(1)The number of new private and other polluting enterprises has dropped significantly,while foreign-invested and state-owned enterprises are not obvious;(2)The opening of high-speed rail has a significant inhibitory effect on the entry of polluting enterprises in eastern,large or developed cities,while the central and western,small and medium-sized,or underdeveloped cities attract more polluting enterprises due to high-speed rail;(3)In cities with strong environmental awareness,the presence of polluting enterprises has dropped significantly after the opening of the high-speed rail.The mechanism can be summarized as the effects of environmental cleanliness,element agglomeration,and spatial integration:(1)The opening of the high-speed rail has raised the requirements of cities on environmental quality and reduced the willingness to accept polluting enterprises;(2)Cities have convenient transportation due to high-speed rail,which promotes the flow of factors,so that polluting enterprises are no longer limited to the eastern and other developed areas when selecting locations;(3)In developed regions,when brings spatial integration,high-speed rail will increase the price of factors in cities due to excessive agglomeration,and intensify competition among enterprises,which is not conducive to the entry of enterprises.Relevant government departments and market entities should pay attention to the impact of transportation infrastructure on enterprises’location selection and its mechanism.It is of great significance for the formulation of regional development planning,local business environment and investment planning,and environmental protection related policies in China.