河北蔚县三关辽代家族墓地M3发掘简报

The Excavation of the Tomb M3 at the Sanguan Family Cemetery of the Liao Dynasty in Yu County, Hebei

三关辽代家族墓地位于河北省张家口市蔚县西合营镇三关村西北50米。墓地中心坐标为北纬39°55°27′4″,东经114°46′28.5″,海拔924米(图一)。2017年11月,蔚县文物事业管理所发现西合营镇三关村西北有墓葬被盗,盗洞周围有大量石块和勾纹砖等,墓室内有壁画,蔚县文物事业管理所及时进行现场走访勘查,由于天气严寒,无法进行考古工作,暂时将盗洞回填。2018年4月,河北省文物研究所对其进行了抢救性发掘。

Tomb M3 at the Sanguan family cemetery of the Liao Dynasty is located in Sanguan Village, Xiheying Town, Yu County, Hebei Province. M3 is structured with the tomb passage, the ventilation shaft, the gate,and the chamber. The exterior of the gate is a brick gatehouse with a wood imitation structure. The interior of the single brick-built hexagonal tomb chamber is also an imitation wood structure. The murals were painted on five walls except for the south wall. Mural subjects include food preparation, cranes with bamboos and stones, flowers and birds, routine life, etc. The murals were painted with meticulous brushwork and heavy colors, mixed using painting techniques such as double hook filling, divided dyeing, and boneless(MoguFa), which inherited the Five Dynasties style. The tomb structure and mural contents are the Han style,while the artistic style of murals demonstrates the typical characteristic of Liao tombs-emphasizing the eastward. Many Liao tombs have been found in the Zhangjiakou region. The excavation of this tomb provides valuable materials for further studying the cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and the northern nomads during the Song and Liao Dynasties.