以色列阿拉伯人族群身份与国家认同的历史变迁及现实困境

A Study on the Identity of Israeli Arabs

以色列阿拉伯人,是巴勒斯坦地区的阿拉伯原住民,在以色列建国后成为以色列公民,但被犹太复国主义视为潜在安全威胁而受到长期压制与管控。由于以色列的犹太国属性,阿拉伯人遭遇多方面压迫和歧视,无法享有完整的公民权利。2018年以色列《犹太民族国家法》进一步凸显了阿拉伯人的二等公民地位。同时,以色列阿拉伯人是巴勒斯坦人民和阿拉伯民族不可分割的一部分,但不是巴勒斯坦人民的主体部分,在巴勒斯坦民族主义运动中发挥的作用与影响力有限。可见以色列阿拉伯人的集体身份包含以色列人、巴勒斯坦人、阿拉伯人与宗教身份等多重要素。这些认同要素在巴以冲突长期持续的背景下常处于相互矛盾、对立竞争的状态,造成了以色列阿拉伯人的身份焦虑及双重边缘化的认同困境。

Israeli Arabs,the indigenous people of Palestine,became Israeli citizens after the founding of Israel,but they have been suppressed and controlled for a long time because they are regarded as a potential security threat by Zionism.Due to Israel’s Jewish nature,Arabs have encountered multi-sided oppression and discrimination,and cannot enjoy full civil rights,thus being deemed as a marginalized group in Israeli social life.The"Jewish Nation-State Law"passed by the Knesset in 2018 also highlighted the second-class citizenship status of Israeli Arabs.At the same time,Israeli Arabs are an inseparable part of the Palestinian people and the Arab nation.But as they are not the major part of the Palestinian people,they have a limited role and influence in the Palestinian national movement.Therefore,it can be seen that the collective identity of Israeli Arabs includes multiple elements such as Israelis,Palestinians and Arabs as well as Islam.However,under the circumstance of long-term confrontation and conflict between Palestine and Israel,their multiple elements in identity are often in a contradictory,antagonistic or competitive state,which has caused the identity anxiety and identity dilemma among Israeli Arabs.