相遇之后:斐济华商的生存适应

After Encounter:Adaptation of the Chinese Businessmen in Fiji

本研究通过对斐济中小华商的实地调研①,以知遇民族志的分析框架揭示了"新老华人"之分形成的原因在于其不同生存适应策略的选择,不同于知遇民族志通常关注移民国文化变迁的视角,转而着重关注外来移民者群体内部及其与移入地文化相遇后的适应及意义。新老华商在斐济的生存适应过程中,形成了"顺适应"和"逆适应"两种涵化类型,在全球化的背景下,前者保持中国原文化特征,同时也理解、尊重移居地斐济的共享文化,以及积极参与当地生活,进而遇而相知,知而相融;后者却遇而难知,知而不全,在全球化的背景下侧重基本营商规律和遵循资本驱动逻辑,对当地文化的探索与理解还有加深的空间。

Based on a field study of small and medium-sized Chinese businessmen in Fiji,and adopting the analytic framework of encounter ethnography,this article tries to reveal that the differentiation between the"old Chinese immigrants"and the"new Chinese immigrants"in Fiji lies in their different adaptation strategies.Different from encounter ethnography that dwells on cultural changes in the host country,this article focuses on the operations within the Chinese immigrants community and their adaptation after encountering the local Fijian culture.In the process of adaptation,the Chinese businessmen in Fiji have developed two types of adaptation strategies,"voluntary adaption"and"counter adaption",with the former keeping their traditional Chinese traits while embracing and sharing the local Fijian culture;and the latter tending to stubbornly follow basic business rules driven by the pursuit of capital benefits against the backdrop of globalization and disapprove local culture,which brings negative consequences.