日本人在俄国太平洋海域的渔业活动及俄国对其政策——以19世纪末至20世纪20年代为例

Japanese Fishing in Russian Pacific Waters and Russian Policy toward Them——A Case Study from the late 19 Century to the 1920s

19世纪末至20世纪20年代,日本人,或以渔业工人或以渔业主的身份,参与到俄国太平洋海域的渔业活动当中,是那里渔业资源开发的主要力量之一,对俄国太平洋海域的渔业发展产生了很大影响。最初,日本人在俄国太平洋海域的渔业活动主要局限于萨哈林海域。从20世纪初起,日本人大量进入鄂霍次克-堪察加海域。日本人在俄国太平洋海域的渔业活动深受俄日关系变化的影响。19世纪末至20世纪初,在俄日交恶的背景下日本人的渔业活动受到一些限制。从1907年俄日《渔业协定》签署后,在俄日友好的氛围中,俄国对日本人渔业活动的限制减少,使得日本人在俄国太平洋海域的渔业活动获得了长足发展。日本干涉俄国革命期间,在日本国内军方的支持下,日本人在该地区的渔业形成垄断地位。

From the late 19 th century to the 1920 s,the Japanese took part in fishing activities in Russian Pacific waters either as fishery workers or as fishery owners,constituting one of the main forces in the development of fishery resources there,and exerting great impacts on the fishery development in Russian Pacific waters.At first,Japanese fishing activities in Russian Pacific waters were confined to the Sakhalin Sea.From the beginning of the 20 th century,a growing number of Japanese fishermen entered the Okhotsk-Kamchatka waters.Japanese fishing in Russian Pacific waters was deeply affected by the changing relations between Russia and Japan.From late 19 th century to early 20 th century,Japanese fishing activities in Russian Pacific waters were restricted to some extent by souring relations between Russia and Japan.After the signing of the Fisheries Agreement between Russia and Japan in 1907,in a friendly atmosphere between Russia and Japan,and with Russia’s restrictions on Japanese fishing reducing,Japanese fishing activities in Russian Pacific waters developed with leaps and bounds.When Japan intervened in Russian revolution,the Japanese had a monopoly of fishing in Russian Pacific waters with the support from Japanese military.