韩国小学课后托管政策及其启示--基于公共政策价值分析的视角

The Elementary School After-School Care Policy in South Korea and Its Implications--Based on the Perspective of Public Policy Value Analysis

小学课后托管政策是关乎社会公众利益的公共决策,深度系统推进课后托管政策改革可以疏解课后托管困境,实现社会利益均衡。近年来,核心家庭的育儿困境及课外辅导衍生的社会问题愈加凸显,迫切要求韩国政府加快推进课后托管政策,提升小学托管教室的教育效能,实现课后服务由福祉政策向教育政策转变。文在寅总统上任后,将该民生工程升级为国政课题,纳入社会保障体系和公共服务领域的着力点,提升政策的公共性、合法性、有效性和可行性,释放公共政策价值,然而暴露出了专项法律缺失、教师负重问题突出、评价体系模糊等价值风险。为优化小学课后服务政策、科学有效解决“三点半难题”,我国应借鉴韩国经验,规避其风险,制定公共政策价值凸显的课后服务规划和标准,配套价值一贯性的政策体系,构建价值共同体的多元合作模式。

The elementary school after-school care policy is a public decision concerning the public interest.A systematic and in-depth implementation of the reform on afterschool care policy helps ease the dilemma of after-school care and achieve a balance of social interests.In recent years,the child-rearing dilemma in nuclear families and the social problems arising from shadow education have become prominent in South Korea,which shows urgent need for the government to accelerate the implementation of the elementary school after-school care policy,to improve the effectiveness of the policy,and to realize the transformation of the policy from a welfare policy to an education policy.After President Moon Jae-in took office,the elementary school after-school care policy has been added to the national policy agenda and incorporated into the social security system.Necessary improvements have been made to ensure the publicity,legitimacy,effectiveness and feasibility of this policy,however,several value risks have emerged including a lack of rule of law,work overload for teachers and an inadequate evaluation system.In order to optimize the elementary school after-school care policy and to solve the problem of"after-school care after 3:30 PM"in a scientific manner,China should learn from South Korea's experiences and avoid its risks from the following three aspects,namely formulating after-school care service plans and standards that highlight the value of public policies,developing a policy system that is consistent with the policy values,and building a diversified cooperative model of value community.