教育反贫困: 美国社区学校的理念、运行机制与实践举措

Anti-poverty Through Education:Concept,Operating Mechanism and Practical Measures of American Community Schools

美国社区学校是其城市贫困社区教育反贫困的一种新型公立学校。理念上追求更高层次的教育公平,家庭、学校与社区协同育人以及贫困儿童的全面发展与终身发展。运行机制包括分工明确与跨界协作的组织机制,全面深入的需求与资源评估机制,混合型资源投入机制,以目标为产出的数据化运行机制。实践举措方面提供综合化的健康与发展服务,提供高质量的课外学习与活动服务,建设信任的家校关系等。美国社区学校在提高贫困学生学业成绩和促进其终身发展方面取得了显著成效。我国教育反贫困要以满足贫困儿童全面发展和终身发展需求为基础,以政府、家庭、学校与社会间制度化和常态化协同为保障,以系统化和个性化的数据为支撑。

American community school is a new type of public school for anti-poverty in poor urban community.Community schools take the pursuit of higher levels of educational equity,family-school-community collaboration for children's education,and the well-rounded and lifelong development of poor children as the basic concepts.The operating mechanism includes an organizational mechanism with clear division of responsibilities and cross-border collaboration,a comprehensive demand and resource evaluation mechanism,a hybrid resource input mechanism,and a data-based operating mechanism that takes target performance as output.In terms of practical measures,it provides comprehensive health and development services,provides a high-quality extracurricular learning activity system,and constructs a trusted family-school relationship.American community schools have achieved remarkable results in improving the academic performance of poor students and promoting their lifelong development.Educational anti-poverty in China should be based on meeting the needs of poor children's well-rounded and lifelong development,guaranteed by the institutionalized and regular coordination between the government,family,school and society,and supported by systematic and personalized data system.