台南孔庙释奠乐的“双雅传统”

“Two-type Fine Music”Tradition of the Tainan Confucian Temple’s Shidian Ritual Music

台南孔庙为台湾首座孔庙,素有“全台首学”之称。其释奠乐继承以八音分类的“雅乐传统”为主,同时也置入台湾民间音乐“雅乐十三音”,两者并呈,构成“双雅传统”的释奠乐。两者在此并无高下之别,“雅乐传统”提供了释奠仪节精神层面的支柱,而“雅乐十三音”传统则支撑了释奠乐实质上的运作,两者相依、相辅、相成,造就了台南孔庙释奠乐一百八十余年的传统。该文从文献与田野上阐析台南孔庙释奠乐,同时也提出“双雅传统”在释奠乐上的特殊性。

The Tainan Confucian Temple is the first Confucian temple in Taiwan,which is also known as the“First Academy of Taiwan”.Its Shidian Ritual(offering sacrifice to Confucius)music is based on the traditional“yayue(ritual music)”defined by eight tones and combined with“thirteen-tone fine music”as a type of Taiwan Residents folk music,thus involving“two-type fine music”.These two types of fine music are equally important.The“fine music”tradition underpins the ritual spiritually,while the“thirteen-tone fine music”supports the actual progress of the ritual.The two,complementing with each other,contribute to over 180 years’tradition of the Tainan Confucian Temple’s Shidian Ritual music.This article not only analyzes relevant literature and field work,but also points out the particularity of the“two-type fine music”tradition in Shidian Ritual music.