论自爱与教育——基于卢梭的基本概念amour-propre的解析

Self-love and Education:Based on the Interpretation of Rousseau’s Amour-propre

卢梭区分了两种自爱,一种是自然状态下的自爱(amour de soi),另一种是他人关系中的自爱(amour-propre)。《爱弥儿》处理的主要是amour-propre这种异化了的自爱所带来的人性恶的问题,并试图保护amour de soi。根据卢梭的解读,可以发现当代以竞争为内在逻辑的教育对于儿童处在“他人关系中的自爱”(amour-propre)起到巨大的激励作用。在此现实境遇下,教育的理论诉求主张的却是一种彻底净化的自爱以及将自爱作为道德教育的根基等。这两者之间的矛盾造成了教育中自爱的困境。因此,教育者需要充分意识到卢梭所探讨的amour-propre的自然性与危险性,并帮助人从更大的秩序、更高的存在与人之间的联系中去探索自我的根源,以找寻自爱超越的教育之道。

Rousseau distinguished two kinds of self-love,one is amour de soi,that is a self-love in natural state;the other is amour-propre,which is a self-love aiming to win over others when one compares himself to others.Rousseau’s Emile tried to preserve amour de soi and solve the evils rooted in amour-propre.Based on Rousseau’s interpretations,we can find that the amour-propre of children is greatly stimulated by modern education based on competition.But educational theories about self-love supports a highly purified self-love and put self-love as the foundation of moral education.In this situation,it is difficult for the educators to find a suitable place for self-love in education now.Thus,we have to aware the naturalness and dangerous of amour-propre in education,and try to encourage the students to explore the sources of self from the connections between higher order or higher existence and self,in order to find the ways for the transcendent of self-love in education.