幼儿哲学探究的个案追踪研究

A Longitudinal Study of Philosophical Inquiry Activities of a Young Child

幼儿哲学探究对其自身成长及人类精神的发展都至关重要。追踪一位幼儿近4年的哲学探究历程,揭示了儿童哲学的实然状态:幼儿哲学探索的内容丰富、全面,既有对日常概念含义的追问,也涉及对生命来源与去向的严肃思考;从产生困惑、寻求解释到得出结论,儿童的探究过程系统而不零碎、郑重而不似游戏;儿童哲学探究的内容及深度既依赖于动机与经验,更离不开“非日常知识”的启发及成人持续性而非偶尔的关照。因此,并不存在自发成长的幼儿;对幼儿而言,探究的结果与过程同样重要。

Children’s philosophical inquiry activities are very important for themselves and for human spiritual development.Based on a Longitudinal Case Study,the research finds that a young child’s philosophical exploration process and attributes,which includes four aspects:(1)Extensive themes are explored,especially on the origin and fate of life.(2)Almost all inquiry process of the child has a complete structure,including the elements of questioning,searching and concluding.(3)The inquiry levels depend on both of children’s intrinsic attributes and extrinsic environment,especially the guardians’support and stimulation of“non-everyday knowledge”.Therefore,there is no spontaneous growth of young children.(4)For the philosophical inquiry,the process and the result are both important to children’s development.