民意下的英雄书写:闽南民间的郑成功形象--以闽南民间传说为中心

Heroic Writing under Public Opinion:The Image of Zheng Chenggong among the People in Southern Fujian--Centered on the Folktales in Southern Fujian

作为小传统的民间传说是广大民众传达、表述自身人生感受、生活诉求与生存状况的一种方式。闽南民间流传的郑成功传说是郑成功形象建构的小传统资源,蕴含着民间对郑成功的认知和情感心理。就闽南民间传说中的郑成功形象来看,既有大传统影响下民间对郑成功“遗民忠义”形象的演绎,又有民间“厌战”心理下的英雄侧影,使郑成功形象更丰富饱满,甚至率真、自然。闽南民间传说对郑成功英雄形象的塑造,乃至某些情节和细节的描绘,都潜藏着“民意”的力量。但是民意推拥的背后,最终都体现了对官方正统意识的自觉追随,正因如此,郑成功形象才能蕴含跨越时代的宏阔气象和精神追求,成为国人推崇的民族英雄。

As a little tradition,folktales are a way for the general public to convey and ex-press their own life feelings,life demands and survival conditions.The folktales of Zheng Chenggong circulating in Southern Fujian are the resources of the little tradition for the construction of Zheng Chenggong’s image,containing the folk cognition and emotional psychology of Zheng Chenggong.In terms of the image of Zheng Chenggong in the folktales in Southern Fujian,there is both the interpre-tation of Zheng Chenggong’s image of“legacy of loyalty and righteousness”under the influence of the great tradition,and the heroic profile under the folk psychology of“war aversion”,making the image of Zheng Chenggong richer and fuller,and even frank and natural.In these folktales,there is the power of“public opinion”hidden in the shaping of Zheng Chenggong’s heroic image,and even in the depiction of some plots and details.However,behind the public opinion,the folktales ultimate-ly reflect the consciousness of following the official orthodoxy,which is the reason why Zheng Cheng-gong’s image can contain the grand atmosphere and spiritual pursuit across the times,making him a national hero respected by the people.