咳嗽高敏感综合征的发病机制研究进展

Research progress in pathogenesis of cough hypersensitivity syndrome

咳嗽高敏感综合征(CHS)是咳嗽反射的某一环节或多个环节出现异常,其主要特征是咳嗽敏感性增高,但机制尚未明确,临床上缺乏有效的治疗手段。目前认为CHS与慢性疼痛的发生机制有相似之处,属于神经病理性疾病,使用神经调节药物治疗具有一定的效果。CHS机制主要包括外周和中枢神经敏感性增高,故本文从感觉传入通路、气道炎症和结构重塑、脑干调控机制和高级脑区调控环路等角度介绍CHS的研究进展。

Cough hypersensitivity syndrome(CHS)is the abnormal appearance of one or more links of cough reflex,and the main characteristics is the increased cough sensitivity,but the mechanism remains unclear.The effective clinical treatments for CHS are still lacking.At present,the pathogenesis of CHS is similar to that of chronic pain,belonging to a neuropathic disease,and the use of neuromodulatory drugs has certain effects.The mechanism of CHS mainly includes the increased peripheral and central sensitivity.Therefore,this article reviewed some researches on the mechanism of CHS from sensory afferent pathway,airway inflammation and remodeling,regulatory mechanism of brainstem and circuit of the higher brain regions.