存款保险制度实施中商业银行市场退出机制的国际经验、存在问题及建议

International Experience,Existing Problems and Suggestions on the Market Exit Mechanism of Commercial Banks in the Implementation of the Deposit Insurance System

我国存款保险制度的实施为商业银行市场退出奠定了基础,完善的商业银行市场退出机制有利于问题银行风险出清,进而维护银行系统稳定和有序竞争。存款保险制度在处置银行风险中具有稳定预期、防止挤兑、保护利益相关者权益等正向作用,但也存在市场约束弱化、道德风险等问题。目前,绝大多数国家已经实施了存款保险制度,积累了不少可参考借鉴的经验。结合当前我国经济发展和金融市场化实际,需要进一步完善存款保险制度,更加注重审慎监管与存款保险早纠机制的有机结合,完善存款保险制度的市场化风险处置平台作用,健全商业银行风险退出处置法律框架。

The implementation of China’s deposit insurance system has laid the conditions for the market exit of commercial banks,and a perfect market exit mechanism of commercial banks is conducive to clearing the risks of problem banks,thus maintaining the stability and orderly competition of the banking system.The deposit system plays a positive role in stabilizing expectations,preventing bank runs and protecting the rights and interests of stakeholders in dealing with bank risks,but it also has some problems such as weakening market constraints and moral hazard.At present,most countries have implemented the deposit insurance system and accumulated a lot of experience for reference.Combined with the current economic development and financial marketization in China,it is necessary to further improve the deposit insurance system,pay more attention to the organic combination of prudent supervision and early correction mechanism of deposit insurance,improve the market-oriented risk disposal platform of the deposit insurance system,and improve the legal framework of risk withdrawal disposal of commercial banks.