离婚等待期的矛盾争端及其解决方式——四国经验的探讨及思考

The Conflicts and Disputes in Divorce Cooling-Off Period and Their Solutions:A Study and Reflection on Four Countries'Experience

2000年以来随着国家法律对结婚离婚限制的日益宽松,我国离婚率也迅速上升。为了抑制冲动离婚,确保离婚双方明确离婚的各种后果,有效保护弱势一方的权益并使双方共同承担离婚后相应的责任,2020年出台的《民典法》规定了协议离婚的冷静期制度。离婚冷静期的设置引发了不少争议。主张婚姻自由的人认为立法机构应采取宽松的调解政策,使离婚更加便捷,担心冷静期会增加家暴的可能性。而主张家庭至上的人则认为当今离婚太自由,不利于家庭的完整和谐,应对离婚加以限制。文章介绍了韩国、澳大利亚、美国和西班牙在离婚等待期的做法及其对申请离婚夫妇解决争端的影响,并对四国的实践进行了社会学思考,以便为中国学界和法律界提供参考。

The new millennium witnesses a rapid increase in divorce as China relaxes its legal restrictions of divorce.To curb impulsive divorce,ensure both divorcing spouses understanding possible consequences of their divorce,protect the interests of the vulnerable party,as well as enable both spouses to fulfill their shared responsibilities,the Civil Code promulgated in 2020 imposes a 30-day mandatory cooling-off period on the couples who have filed for divorce.This article introduces waiting periods of divorcing couples and their various impacts on ways in which divorcing spouses solve their disputes and conflicts in four countries:South Korea,Australia,the USA,and Spain.Implications of legal practices of divorce for China are also discussed in the article.