澜湄农业科技合作演变特征及影响因素研究

A research on the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural S&T cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong Basin

深化国际农业科技合作是推进农业科技发展、构建新型国际关系的重要路径。本文构建一个包含专业化分工反馈效应的国际农业科技合作动力框架,运用CiteSpace方法分析1994至2019年澜湄流域农业科技合作机构、学科和热点的演化趋势以体现合作专业化分工特征,并构建计量模型进一步验证专业化分工、农业生产资源和发展需求对合作的影响。研究发现:(1)澜湄流域农业科技合作机构呈现集中化趋势,以中、泰两国的高校及科研机构为主导,其他四国的合作力度相对较弱;合作学科呈现交叉融合趋势,以农学为主线,先后向昆虫学、营养学、环境学、传染病学和工程学拓展;合作前沿呈现复合系统化特征,由关注单一农业生产效益向农业复合生态系统的综合效益转变。(2)专业化分工产生的反馈效应和发展需求产生的引致效应是当前推动澜湄流域农业科技合作的两大驱动力,其中,合作机构集中化趋势限制了合作的扩大、合作学科交叉融合及合作前沿复合系统化的趋势都有助于深化合作、各成员国对内发展农业和对外扩大贸易的需求均对合作具有促进作用。而现阶段农业资源产生的势差效应尚未发挥作用。

International cooperation in agricultural science and technology is an important way to promote agricultural development and build a new type of international relations.However,the current research on the driving mechanism of agricultural science and technology cooperation is not mature at home and abroad.And the systematic research on the development trends and evolutionary characteristics of agricultural science and technology cooperation in the basin is insufficient.This paper constructed a driving force framework for international cooperation in agricultural science and technology,including the feedback effect of specialization.The main data in this paper came from agricultural papers co-authored by the six Lancang-Mekong countries from 1994 to 2019,which were collected in the Web of Science database.CiteSpace software was used to analyze the characteristics of co-occurrence network of cooperative institutions,disciplines,and keywords,to investigate the specialization of agricultural science and technology cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong River region.Then,an econometric model was constructed to further verify the effects and impacts of specialization,agricultural production resources and development needs on agricultural science and technology cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong Basin.The study found that:firstly,although the scope of agricultural science and technology cooperation among Lancang-Mekong countries was expanding,the cooperative institutions still showed a trend of centralized development.The universities and research institutions of China and Thailand played a dominant role in the cooperation,while the cooperation among institutions of the other four countries was relatively weak.Cooperative disciplines of agricultural science and technology in the basin showed the trend of cross integration.Agronomy ran through the whole course of the cooperation.Besides agronomy,the cooperative disciplines have also expanded to entomology,nutrition,environmental science,infectious diseases,and engineering.The gradual diversification of discipline categories and the increasing cross-integration of disciplines reflected the continuous expansion and deepening of cooperation in agricultural science and technology in the region.The cooperative research frontiers of agricultural science and technology in the basin were characterized by a tendency toward complexity and systematization.The focus of cooperation has shifted from simple agricultural productivity to the comprehensive benefits of agricultural complex ecosystems,and more attention has been paid to the coordinated development of agricultural science and technology,ecological environment,and social economy.Secondly,the feedback effect caused by specialization and the induced effect caused by agricultural development demand were the two main driving forces of agricultural science and technology cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong region.The centralization of cooperative institutions limited the expansion of cooperation,which would have a negative impact on cooperation.Both the cross-integration of cooperative disciplines and the complex systematization of cooperative frontiers contributed to the deepening of cooperation,which had a positive effect on the promotion of cooperation.The needs of domestic development of agricultural industry and expansion of international trade of agricultural products in countries along the Lancang-Mekong River Basin have both played a positive role in promoting the development of agricultural science and technology cooperation within the basin.At present,the potential impact of agricultural production resources such as land,labor force and technology on the cooperation in agricultural science and technology in the Lancang-Mekong Basin has not yet played a role.