马克思反贫困思想探析

An Analysis of Marx’s Anti-Poverty Thought

贫困是人类社会的历史性难题,面对贫困这一社会癌症的扩散,马克思通过对资本主义经济运行规律的深刻分析,科学揭示了贫困的根本原因在于私有制。在马克思的视野下,资本主义贫困问题在贫困主体以及贫困发生的时间、范围和维度等方面具有矛盾的二重性。资本主义私有制基础上的资本集中、资本扩张、资本危机、资本逻辑等导致资本主义贫困问题出现主体普遍化、空间差异化、时间波动化、维度双重化等特点。在此基础上,马克思站在人类自由全面发展的高度,从价值引领、制度前提、实践主体、实践路径等方面对消除资本主义贫困问题进行了积极探索,为包括无产阶级在内的全人类彻底摆脱贫困指明了方向。

Poverty is a historical problem of human society.Facing the spread of poverty as a social cancer,Marx revealed that the root cause of poverty lies in private ownership through a profound analysis of the laws governing capitalist economic operation.From Marx's perspective,the poverty problem of capitalism has a contradictory duality in terms of the main body of poverty as well as the time,scope,and dimension of poverty.The laws of capitalist economic operation such as capital concentration,capital expansion,capital crisis,and capital logic have led to the universalization,spatial differentiation,temporal volatility,and dimensional duality of the poverty problem.With a noble pursuit of mankind's all-round and free development,Marx actively explored into the issue of eliminating capitalist poverty from the perspectives of value guidance,institutional premise,subject of practice and path of practice,pointing the way for the entire humanity,including the proletariat to get rid of poverty.