商业特许经营合同缔结中特许人的信息披露义务研究

On the Franchiser's Disclosure Obligation in Concluding a Franchise Contract

在商业特许经营中,特许人掌控着特许经营的重要信息。基于诚信与善意行事的要求,为使受许人在充分知情的基础上投资特许经营,特许人在合同缔结时即对受许人负有信息披露义务。为避免过于繁杂的信息给受许人带来甄别上的困扰,特许人披露的信息应限于与特许经营相关的重大信息。重大性是法律和事实的结合,由理性第三人标准加以判断。特许人信息披露义务违反的形态主要有信息披露不充分、虚假信息披露等,对虚假披露与吹嘘行为应加以区分。英美判例法国家和大陆法系的德国、意大利等国在特许人信息披露义务违反的认定上有着丰富的裁判经验,可资我国借鉴。

In franchising,the franchiser controls the important information about the franchise.Under the rule of good faith and fair dealing,to ensure that the franchisee engages in a franchise after get fully acquainted with it,the franchiser has the disclosure obligation to the franchisee in concluding a franchise contract.To prevent the franchisee from being beset by irrelevant information,the franchiser shall only disclose material information related to the franchise.Materiality is a question of law and fact combined,determined from the perspective of a reasonable person.Franchiser s breach of the disclosure obligation includes insufficient disclosure and false disclosure.We shall distinguish boast from false disclosure.Anglo-American case law countries and countries with a civil law system,such as Germany and Italy have rich judgment experience on identifying the franchiser's breach of disclosure obligation,which can be used for reference by China.