复古与开新:清代医学的朴学化及其精神变革

Going Back and Forward:The Textologization of Qing Medicine and Its Innovation in Spirit

清代的朴学运动与文艺复兴遥相呼应,始于复古,终于革新。清代医学也经历了朴学化的过程,表现为医书校诂的兴起和伤寒派与温病派之争,同时在西学的参与下形成中西汇通的学术潮流。这些都或隐或显地与欧洲文艺复兴思潮相呼应。文艺复兴引发的科学革命将西方古典医学带向了科学医学之路,这一过程也在中国医学朴学化的过程中部分重演,但并不彻底。这一不彻底的变革,恰恰保留下了中国医学特有的人文精神,或可成为饱受现代性困扰的医学现状的一种代偿。

The textology movement in Qing Dynasty echoed with the European Renaissance in that both started from academic nostalgia and ended up with innovation.Qing medicine has also experienced the textology movement and manifested its influence as the emerging collation and annotation of medical literature and the dispute between the School of Cold Damage and the School of Warm Disease.Meanwhile,with the introduction of Western learning,there arose an academic trend of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine.Both the movement and the later integration echoed with the spirits of the European Renaissance in an implicit or explicit way.The European Renaissance brought forth the scientific revolution,leading the classical Western medicine toward a scientific path.A similar revolution was partially experienced in the textology movement of Chinese medicine in Qing Dynasty,but it was incomplete.Just because of that,a humanistic feature characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine had been kept,serving probably as the very compensation to the current situation of modern medicine which has been long beset by modernity.