数字贸易发展趋势、特征和国际比较——基于FATS视角的分析

Development Trend,Characteristics and International Comparison of Digital Trade——An Analysis from the Perspective of FATS

准确而全面地衡量数字贸易发展情况对各国制定数字贸易政策和参与数字贸易国际规则谈判意义重大,然而现有研究大多局限于对BOP服务贸易数据的分析。结合2011-2018年WTO的FATS服务贸易数据和UNCTAD的BOP服务贸易数据,对全球和主要国家FATS数字服务出口特征和发展趋势进行分析。研究发现:全球FATS数字服务出口远高于BOP数字服务出口,前者约占总数字服务出口的三分之二;全球FATS数字服务出口占比呈现下降趋势,可能是因为信息通信技术发展应用导致更多服务可以通过数字化手段跨境交付;与之相反,全球FATS非数字服务出口在对应门类服务出口中的占比相对较低,但呈现上升趋势;各国FATS数字服务出口发展非常不均衡,高度集中于美国等少数国家;FATS数字服务出口越多的国家,其FATS数字服务出口在对应门类服务出口中的占比也越高。

Accurate and comprehensive measurement of Digital Trade will help countries formulate Digital Trade policies and participate in the negotiation of international rules of Digital Trade.However, most of the existing studies are limited to the analysis of BOP service trade data. Using the sales revenue data of FATS provided by WTO from 2011 to 2018 and the service trade data of BOP provided by UNCTAD, this paper studies the characteristics and trends of digital service exports carried out by global and major countries through commercial presence.The results show that the global FATS digital service exports are much higher than BOP digital service exports, accounting for about two-thirds.The proportion of global FATS digital service exports shows a downward trend, which may be as the development and application of digital technology leads to more services that can be delivered across borders by digital means. On the contrary, the proportion of global FATS non digital service exports in corresponding service exports is relatively low, but showing an upward trend.The FATS digital service exports of various countries are very uneven, highly concentrated in a few countries, such as the United States.The more a country exports FATS digital services, the higher the proportion of its FATS digital service exports in the corresponding service exports.