艾滋病临床诊断中应用抗体检测与核酸检测的优势分析

Analysis of Advantages of Antibody Detection and Nucleic Acid Detection in the Clinical Diagnosis of AIDS

目的分析抗体检测与核酸检测在艾滋病患者诊断中的优势差异。方法将100例艾滋病患者为观察对象,其中72例为早期感染者,28例为中晚期患者,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较两种检测方法对于不同时期艾滋病病毒感染的诊断准确性,并计算诊断效能。结果早期艾滋病患者病毒感染的核酸检测准确性为97.22%、抗体检测准确性为86.11%,核酸检测显著高于抗体检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中晚期艾滋病患者病毒感染核酸检测诊断准确性为82.14%、抗体检测诊断准确性为92.86%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。核酸检测曲线下面积高于抗体检测(P<0.05)。结论核酸检测、抗体检测均是实验室诊断HIV感染的有效方法,相对而言艾滋病早期应用核酸检测准确性更高,而抗体检测对艾滋病中晚期的检测准确性更高,两种检测方法在疾病不同阶段诊断准确率各不相同,整体而言核酸检测效能略胜一筹。

Objective To analyze the advantages of antibody detection and nucleic acid detection in the diagnosis of AIDS patients.Methods A total of 100 AIDS patients diagnosed from January 2017 to February 2020 were used as observation subjects,including 72 early-infected patients and 28 middle-to-advanced patients.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed,and the diagnosis accuracies of two detection methods on human immunodeficiency virus infectionin different periods were compared,and the diagnostic efficacy wascalculated.Results The accuracy of nucleic acid detectionand the accuracy of antibody detectionforvirus infection in patients with early AIDS were97.22%and 86.11%respectively,and the accuracy of nucleic acid detection was significantly higher than that of antibody detection(P<0.05).The diagnostic accuracy of nucleic acid detectionand the diagnostic accuracy of antibody detectionforvirus infection in patients with middle-to-advanced AIDS were 82.14%and 92.86%respectively,and there was no statistically significant difference between the two detection methods(P>0.05).The area under the curve of nucleic acid detection was higher than that of antibody detection(P<0.05).Conclusion Nucleic acid detection and antibody detection are both effective methods for laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection.Relatively speaking,the accuracy of nucleic acid detectionis higher in early AIDS,and the accuracy of antibody detection is higher in middle-to-advanced AIDS.The diagnostic accuracy of the two detection methods varies at different periods,and overall nucleic acid detectionhas slightly better efficacy.