非洲猪瘟病毒逃避宿主天然免疫机制的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of African swine fever virus evading from host innate immunity

非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)是非洲猪瘟病毒科非洲猪瘟病毒属的唯一成员,是一种大型的DNA病毒.非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由ASFV引起的猪烈性传染病,能造成感染家猪全部死亡.ASF是世界动物卫生组织所列的必须报告的动物疫病之一,我国将其列为一类动物疫病.因为缺乏有效的防治手段,ASF一旦暴发极难根治,即使采取扑杀等措施也存在二次暴发的风险.因此,研制安全、有效的疫苗迫在眉睫.已有研究发现,ASFV能够编码多个调控宿主天然免疫反应的蛋白,如DP96R、I329L、A238L和A528R等,这些蛋白在基因缺失疫苗的研制方面表现出一定的应用潜力.本文综述这些蛋白调控宿主天然免疫的机制及缺失这些蛋白编码基因的疫苗在临床上的表现,以期能对ASFV的防治有所启发.

African swine fever virus(ASFV)is the sole member of Asfarviridae with large DNA.African swine fever(ASF)is a severe infectious disease of swine caused by ASFV,which can cause the death of infected pig.ASF is listed as one of the must-be-reported animal diseases according to the World Organization for Animal Health,and it belongs to the category 1 of animal epidemic diseases in China.Due to insufficient prevention and control measures,ASF is very difficult to be eradicated once the disease breaks out.And there is a risk of secondary outbreak even the sick swine are culled.Therefore,it is pressing to develop a safe and effective vaccine to prevent and curb ASF.Previous studies showed that ASFV can encode DP96 R,I329 L,A238 L and A528 R proteins that inhibit innate immune responses,which were considered candidates for the development of gene-deleted vaccine of ASFV.This paper summarizes the mechanism of these proteins on regulating host innate immunity and the clinical manifestations of vaccines that lack these protein-coding genes,to provide insights into the prevention and control ASFV.