面向人工智能时代的城市危机治理——基于多案例的比较研究

Urban Crisis Governance in the Era of Artificial Intelligence——A Comparative Study Based on Multiple Cases

日益复杂的、可能发生的与不可预知的城市危机已成为各国高度关注的重要议题,人工智能提供了一种颠覆性的治理技术与治理理念。城市危机人工智能治理包括数字治理、智能治理、融合治理和全生命治理四个基本内涵,它由数字、决策、智慧、全生命与平台五个维度构成,国内外已出现一些典型案例。数字治理是人工智能治理的另一种表达,可以称为"默认的智能化",它为城市危机提供了前所未有的治理速度。人工智能以智慧方式治理城市危机,灾害智慧治理是智慧城市的重要组成内容。治理者需要以智能危机信息系统为支撑,以智能危机决策支持系统为核心,以智慧城市发展为契机,构建新的治理体系。但人工智能也可能存在"算法黑箱"、无法自主判断人类设定以外的信息及可能会造成种族歧视风险等局限,故人类智能必须学会控制人工智能,使其为城市危机治理保驾护航。为此,制定可靠的人工智能战略对于城市危机治理极为必要,对于促进城市永续发展也有重要意义。

The increasingly complex,possible and unpredictable urban crisis has become an important issue of great concern all over the world.The artificial intelligence can deal with this crisis by a subversive governance technology and concept.The artificial intelligence governance over urban crisis includes four basic connotations:digital governance,intelligent governance,fusion governance and whole-life governance.It consists of five dimensions:number,wisdom,decision-making,whole life and platform.There have been some typical cases both at home and abroad.Digital governance is another expression of intelligent governance,which can be called"default intelligence".It provides unprecedented governance speed for urban crisis.Artificial intelligence manages the urban crisis in an intelligent way,and the intelligent management of disasters is an important part of the intelligent city.The administrator needs to construct this new governance system with the intelligent risk information system as the support,the intelligent decision support system as the core and the development of the intelligent city as the turning point.However,artificial intelligence may also have limitations such as"algorithm black box",inability to independently judge information other than human settings,and the risk of racial discrimination.Human intelligence must learn to control artificial intelligence to help urban crisis governance.Therefore,the formulation of a reliable artificial intelligence strategy is extremely necessary for urban crisis management,and of great significance for promoting urban sustainable development.