多元矛盾与法国唯物辩证法——以阿尔都塞和巴迪欧对毛泽东《矛盾论》解读为视角

Multi-contradiction and the French Materialist Dialectics: From the Perspective of Althusser’s and Badiou’s Interpretation on Mao Tsetung’s On Contradiction

《矛盾论》是毛泽东在马克思主义辩证法基础上结合中国传统哲学并落实于中国革命实践的理论成果。以往国内学界将毛泽东的矛盾辩证法简单地纳入源自黑格尔哲学的单一矛盾体系,从而遮蔽了毛泽东辩证法的内在"多元"矛盾的独特意蕴,而当代法国哲学则紧紧抓住了矛盾"多元"的本质特征:阿尔都塞在毛泽东不平衡的矛盾对立统一原则的启发下,在"多元决定论"的进路上突破了黑格尔"位"的"颠倒"困境,形成结构方法论的阐释进路;巴迪欧则在毛泽东"一分为二"矛盾原则的推动下,立足"位"与"力"的双重逻辑,超越了阿尔都塞无主体的结构辩证法进路,在位与力的辩证进程中力迫出偶然主体的必然性意蕴,内在地呈现出主体的现实样态。借助毛泽东的辩证法思想,法国哲学总体上走出了黑格尔哲学的单一矛盾体系,迈向了异质性"多元"的思想逻辑。

Based on Marxist dialectics,Mao Tsetung’s work On Contradiction is combined with Chinese traditional philosophy and is applied on the Chinese nowadays’ reality. The domestic academy used to put Mao’s dialectics under Hegelian system,which hides the specialty of Mao’s internal Multi-Contradiction. However,the contemporary French philosophies grasped Mao’s essential character. Under Mao’s theory of dissymmetrical contradictions,Althusser broke through Hegel’s difficulty of the Reversal of Place,forming the theory of Overdetermination. Furthermore,under the impetus of Mao’s principle that one divides into two,Badiou creatively unlocked the logic of force,overpassing Althusser’s structuralism’s NonSubject dilemma while immanently forcing the Real Subject. In virtue of Mao’s dialetics,contemporary French philosophy have a tendency of overpassing Hegel’s uni-contradiction system and stepping towards the logic of heterogeneous multi-contradiction.