理论与实践中的去殖民化史学

Decolonising histories in theory and practice

"后殖民主义史学"对传统史学的批判和对多元史学的主张,提升了非西方国家历史研究与编纂的自主性。但因其批判具有不彻底性,使其无法胜任拆解和废除殖民主义学术霸权的任务。近年来,学者们提出"去殖民化史学"这一全新的理论路径,希求借此创建出一种摆脱西方影响、完全自决的本土化史学。《历史与理论》杂志最近发表一组题为"理论与实践中的去殖民化史学"的笔谈专栏,充分体现了这一理论转向的最新动态。此组笔谈主张彻底打破帝国学术体系所制定的不合理的学术规则,并采用新的理论框架和研究方法,使得移民殖民社会中的土著人民能够按照自己的目的和方式来书写本民族的历史,以重新确立土著群体在历史上的合法地位,并将他们从移民殖民国家歧视、剥削和不平等的统治权力中解放出来。

"Post-colonialist history"is a critique of conventional history and stands for multiple histories,which increases non-western nations’antonomy in historical studies and historiography.Because its citique is incomplete,however,it is insufficient for them to fufill the task to dismantle and abolish the academic hegemony of colonialism.Some scholars argue for"decolonising history",a brand-new theoretical path,with the hope to create a indigenous history free from western influence and with complete self-determination.Recently,the journal History and Theory(vol.59,issue 3,Sept.2020)published a forum including a series of essays on"decolonising histories in theory and practice",which is the newest sign of the theoretical turn.The essays argue for totally breaking the irrational academic rules created by the imperial academic regimes,and adopting new theoretical frameworks and approaches to allow the indigenous peoples to write their own histories with their purposes and in their own way to re-establish indigenous groups’litimate positions in the past,and free them from the ruling authorities’discrimination,exploitation and inequality in the settler colonial states.