学前儿童午间睡眠及其教养实践研究述评

A Literature Review on Nap and Nap Practice in Kindergarten

对儿童早期睡眠的相关研究表明,三四岁左右是儿童睡眠模式由日间睡眠向夜间睡眠转换的关键时期。睡眠模式的转换时间与儿童年龄、睡眠环境、文化等要素相关。关于午睡与儿童发展的关系,研究者还存在分歧:注意力可能是午睡和儿童行为、学习状态之间关系的重要中介变量,午睡后儿童的注意力水平更好,进而会影响儿童的行为和学习状态;强制午睡和午睡时间过长会影响儿童的夜间睡眠,从而导致儿童出现行为和学习问题。这些研究成果不仅能够加深对儿童睡眠发展的认识,为今后的相关研究提供思路和方向,而且为与午睡相关的教养实践提供了重要的科学依据。

Studies on early sleeps show that there is a transaction of sleep model from daytime sleep to nighttime sleep at the age of 3 or 4,and the exact time of the transaction differs with children’s age,sleep environment and cultures.There is a difference of opinion on the relationship between naps and children’s development.On the one hand,attention maybe a mediator between naps and children’s behavior and learning.On the other hand,mandatory nap times may affect children’s nighttime sleep.These results enhance our knowledge on early sleep development and define the directions of future research.Further more,these results provide scientific basis for practices about naps in kindergarten.