中国高校线上教学的实证调查与未来发展

Empirical Investigation and Future Development of Online Teaching in Chinese Universities

特殊情形下我国高校全区域、全覆盖、全方位实现了线上教学,为在校教学理论研究提供了绝佳的“自然实证研究”机会。经由实证调查得知:线上教学适用于不同类别的课程;各方对线上教学的态度积极;线上教学的效果可以接受;线上教学并不能显著节约时间等教学成本;技术设备、教学平台和网络情况对线上教学有一定影响。存在问题在于:线上教学的普及并不等于数字化课程和信息化教学的实现;片面的技术主义可能导致忽视人的主体性和教育的本质;过度的数字化和共享可能形成教育教学垄断,导致知识和教学实践固化;隐性知识无法通过数字化课程和线上教学固定和传播。中国高校线上教学的未来发展包括:确立和阐释与线上教学相适应的教学机理;从国家层面确立在线教学的规范体系;积极解决线上教学面临的技术问题;谨慎建设数字化课程和运用线上教学。

Under special circumstances of the global pandemic,the colleges and universities in China have realized an all-region,full-coverage,all-round online teaching,which provides an excellent opportunity for the“natural empirical research”of practicing and examining teaching theories.It is found through empirical investigation that online teaching is suitable for different categories of courses.The participant parties hold the positive attitude to online teaching.The practical effect of online teaching is acceptable but it cannot significantly save time and other teaching costs.The technical equipment,teaching platform and network conditions have a certain impact on online teaching.The serial problems of online teaching lie in that the popularity of online teaching are not equal to the realization of digital courses and information teaching.The one-sided technicism may lead to the neglect of human beings'subjectivity and the nature of education.The excessive digitization and sharing may form a monopoly on education and teaching,resulting in the solidification of knowledge and teaching practice.The hidden knowledge cannot be fixed and spread through digital courses.The future development of online teaching includes the establishment and paraphrase of the teaching mechanism adapted to online teaching,the establishment of a standardized system of online teaching at the national level,the proactive solution of the technical problems faced by online teaching,prudent building and practicing of digital courses and online teaching.