高校一流本科教育建设方案的特征、存在的问题与优化策略探析——基于15所高校方案的文本分析

The Typical Features,Hidden Problems and Optimization Strategies of First-Class Undergraduate Education Policies——Based on a Text Analysis of 15 First-Class Undergraduate Education Construction Policies

一流本科教育是我国建设高等教育强国的立本强基工程。分析高校一流本科教育建设方案的特征与问题,可以为政策优化与完善提供参考。应用文本分析方法,对15所高校一流本科教育建设方案进行了系统考察。研究发现,高校一流本科教育建设方案具有如下特征:建设目标空泛化与具象化并存;建设目的政治性和实践性凸显;建设路径依赖性与趋同性明显;建设举措以六个“一流”为主导;人才培养预期成效是培养一流人才。当前高校一流本科教育建设方案存在三个主要问题:注意力配置中的“顾此失彼”;建设过程中的“数字陷阱”;建设路径上的“千校一面”。基于此,建议高校从合理分配政策注意力、警惕建设过程中的量化逻辑及厘清特色发展之路三方面寻求突破。

First-class undergraduate education is a foundational project that helps China become a powerful country in higher education.The evaluation of relevant policies can provide an important reference for policy formulation,adjustment and improvement.This article uses text analysis to investigate 15 first-class undergraduate education programs of colleges and universities.It is found in this paper that the first-class undergraduate education programs of these colleges and universities have the following characteristics:The coexistence of the construction goal is both generalized and concrete;the political nature and practicality of the construction purpose are very prominent;the construction path has obvious homogeneity and dependence;the construction measures are dominated by six“first-class”guidance;the expected result is the cultivation of first-class undergraduate education.In addition,there are three problems in the current first-class undergraduate education programs:The“imbalanced disregarding of all aspects”in the allocation of attention;the“digital trap”in the construction process;and“uniformity”in the construction path.Based on the above problems,colleges and universities should seek breakthroughs in rationally distributing policy attention,vigilant to the quantitative logic in the construction standards,and clarifying the path of characteristic development.