我国全科医生队伍发展现状与建议

The status quo of the development of general practitioners in China and countermeasures

目的从数量、机构分布、地域分布等方面分析我国全科医生队伍的发展现状,探讨全科医生相关政策开展以来取得的成效和问题,提出对策建议。方法基于2012年—2017年《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》和2013年—2020年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》相关数据,利用excel软件,采用比例法和画图法对数据进行分析。结果2012年—2019年,全科医生数量增长3.3倍,年均增速为18.73%,注册为全科医学专业的人数增长17.34万人,年均增速为28.10%。全科医生主要分布于社区卫生服务机构和乡镇卫生院。2019年,我国东部地区拥有全科医生19.21万人,占全科医生总数的52.63%;东部地区每万人口全科医生数为3.28人,高于中部和西部地区的2.17人和2.05人。江苏省每万人口全科医生数较多,为5.90人,陕西省最少,为1.37人;上海市全科医生注册率最高,为86.0%。结论近3年全科医生数量年均增速加快,但总体仍显不足。基层医疗卫生机构的全科医师占执业(助理)医师比重越来越大,医院的全科医师数量也快速增长。全科医生省域分布不均匀,全科医学专业注册比例不高。

Objective To analyze the status quo of the development of general practitioners(GPs)in China from the perspectives of number and institutional and geographical distribution to investigate the achievements and problems since the implementation of policies related to GPs,and to propose countermeasures and suggestions.Methods Based on the relevant data from the the China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook of 2012-2017,and the China Health Statistics Yearbook of 2013-2020,the data were analyzed by the Excel software,and proportional and drawing methods.Results From 2012 to 2019,the number of GPs increased by 3.3 times,with an average annual growth rate of 18.73%,and the number of registered GPs increased by 173,400,with an average annual growth rate of 28.10%.GPs are mainly distributed in community health service institutions and township health centers.In 2019,there were 192,100 GPs in China’s eastern regions,accounting for 52.63%of the total number;the number of GPs in the eastern regions was 3.28 per 10,000 residents,which was higher than the 2.17 and 2.05 in the central and western regions.Jiangsu Province had a large number of GPs per 10,000 residents(5.90),and Shaanxi Province had a lower number(1.37);Shanghai had the highest registration rate of GPs(86.0%).Conclusion The average annual growth rate of the number of GPs has accelerated in the past three years,but the total number is still insufficient.The proportion of the GPs in primary medical and health institutions has been increasing versus practicing(assistant)physicians,and the number of GPs in hospitals is also increasing rapidly.GPs are unevenly distributed across provinces,and the proportion of registered GPs is not high.