中国对虾放流和养殖群体肌肉营养成分比较分析

Comparative analysis for muscle nutrient components in released and cultured population of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

为了解中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)放流和养殖群体的营养成分及差异,本研究采用生化测定法对养殖和放流中国对虾肌肉营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物元素进行全面分析。结果显示:常规生化组分中,放流和养殖的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分等无显著差异(P>0.05);氨基酸组成中,放流和养殖群体均检测到17种主要氨基酸,其中甘氨酸、丙氨酸在养殖群体中显著高于放流群体(P<0.05);脯氨酸在放流群体中显著高于养殖群体(P<0.05)。在脂肪酸组成上,放流群体共检测到32种脂肪酸,养殖群体检测到31种脂肪酸,未检测到十三烷酸(C13∶0),其中C14∶0、C15∶0、C17∶0三种饱和脂肪酸及C18∶3n-3、C20∶3n-6两种不饱和脂肪酸的含量养殖群体显著高于放流群体(P<0.05);C17∶0、C16∶1、C17∶1、C18∶2n-6、C20∶4n-6、C20∶5n-3和C22∶6n-3等脂肪酸含量显著高于养殖群体(P<0.05)。在矿物元素组成上,养殖和放流中国对虾肌肉内钠、钙、铜、锌四种矿物元素差异显著(P<0.05),且都呈现出放流群体高于养殖群体的趋势。研究结果表明,由于生长环境及饵料来源、种类等的差异,养殖和放流中国对虾肌肉营养成分存在一定程度的差异。

In order to understand the muscle nutrient components and corresponding differences in released and cultured population of Fenneropenaeus chinensis,this study performed comprehensive determination analysis for the nutrient components including amino acids,fatty acids,mineral elements,etc of released and cultured Fenneropenaeus chinensis by biochemical assay methods.The results showed that the conventional biochemical components of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash content in released and cultured Fenneropenaeus chinensis presented no significant differences(P>0.05).As regards amino acid composition,17 kinds of main amino acids were detected in both released and cultured population,among which the glycine and alanine contents of cultured population were significantly higher than released population(P<0.05)and the proline content of released population was significantly higher than cultured population(P<0.05).In terms of fatty acid composition,32 kinds of fatty acids were detected in released population of Fenneropenaeus chinensis,while only 31 kinds of fatty acids were detected in cultured population with no detection of tridecylic acid(C13∶0).Three saturated fatty acid contents(C14:0,C15∶0 and C17∶0)and two unsaturated fatty acid contents(C18∶3n-3 and C20∶3n-6)in cultured Fenneropenaeus chinensis were significantly higher than released population(P<0.05).The highly unsaturated fatty acid contents including C17∶0,C16∶1,C17∶1,C18∶2n-6,C20∶4n-6,C20∶5n-3 and C22∶6n-34 in released population were significantly higher than those in cultured population(P<0.05).With respect to mineral element composition,there are significant differences for 4 kinds of mineral elements(Na,Ca,Cu and Zn)in cultured and released Fenneropenaeus chinensis(P<0.05)with the trend that mineral element contents in released population were higher than cultured population.The results indicated that the muscle nutrient components in cultured and released Fenneropenaeus chinensis presented some degree of differences due to the differences of growth environment,bait source and species,etc.