世界游泳运动发展的动态时空特性

Dynamic Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of World Swimming Development

运用文献资料法、数理统计法等研究方法,通过对1991年至2019年近30年的奥运会和世锦赛各个洲际的金牌和奖牌数据进行梳理和统计。同时对历年国际泳联最佳男女运动员评比情况和历届大赛打破世界纪录情况进行统计分析,以期对世界游泳运动发展的时间和空间的动态特点进行归纳总结。研究表明:世界游泳格局总体上是集团间的长期相互对抗,呈现出强弱两极分化的趋势,并带有一定的垄断性;奖牌榜显示出地域的不均衡性,带有一定的阶段性和周期性动态特征;金牌榜争夺异常激烈,各大洲之间胶着制衡,总体呈现出混沌模糊态势;男女整体上呈同步协调发展态势,但男女发展速度上存在差异,男子的发展速度优于女子;破纪录带有明显的时代特征,科技进步是破纪录的催化剂;运动员全面发展和全方位兼项是现代游泳运动的发展趋势,具有持续夺冠能力的“全面型”运动员备受推崇且具“明星”效应。

By using the methods of literature review,mathematical statistics and logic analysis,this paper makes statistical analysis on the medal tables of 7 Olympic Games in the nearly 30 years from 1991-2019 and 13 world swimming championships,FINA world athletes of the year,and world records broken each year,discusses the dynamic temporal and spatial characteristics of world swimming development.The conclusions of the study are as follows:in general,the world swimming pattern is in an inter-group rivalry and show the trends of polarization with certain monopoly;the medal tables show the imbalance between regions with periodic and dynamic characteristics;the race for the gold medal is so fierce that the checks and balances exist between the continents and present chaoric situation;men and wormen athletics show a synchronous development trend,but there are obvious differences in the development speed,men develop faster than the women;record-breaking has obvious characteristics of the times and technological progress is the catalyst;the all-round development of athletes is the development trend of modern swimming;those long-life and all-round athletes who has the ability to continue to win the championship are highly respected and have star power.